Made in the Royal Workshops / Armor of George Clifford, Third Earl of Cumberland / ca. 1580-85Made in the Royal Workshops
Armor of George Clifford, Third Earl of Cumberland
ca. 1580-85

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Creator Name: Royal Workshops
Creator Nationality: European; British; English
Creator Role: Maker
Creator Name-CRT: Made in the Royal Workshops
Title: Armor of George Clifford, Third Earl of Cumberland
Title Type: Object name
View: Detail
Creation Start Date: 1580
Creation End Date: 1585
Creation Date: ca. 1580-85
Object Type: Decorative Arts and Utilitarian Objects
Classification Term: Armors
Materials and Techniques: Steel, etched, blued, and gilded
Dimensions: H. 69 1/2 in. (176.5 cm), Wt. 60 lb. (27.2 kg)
AMICA Contributor: The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Owner Location: New York, New York, USA
ID Number: 32.130.6
Credit Line: Munsey Fund, 1932
Rights: http://www.metmuseum.org/
Context:

George Clifford (1558-1605) was appointed Queen's Champion in 1590 and was made a Knight of the Garter two years later. He is best remembered for his capture of the Spanish fort in San Juan, Puerto Rico, in 1598. A favorite of Queen Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603), he chose for the decoration of this armor the Tudor rose, the French fleur-de-lis (then part of the English arms), and the cipher of Elizabeth, two E's back to back.

The Cumberland armor consists of a garniture for field and tournament use. It was made in the Royal Workshops at Greenwich under the direction of the master armorer Jacob Halder (documented 1558-1605). The complete garniture is illustrated in the 'Jacob Album,' a late-sixteenth-century manuscript of pen-and-wash drawings that records the decorated armors produced in the Greenwich workshops. Thesurviving pieces are the man's armor and several exchange or reinforcing elements-a grandguard (defense for the lower face and upper left torso), a passguard (defense for the left elbow), four vamplates (hand defenses affixed to the lance) for the tilt, and a close helmet with detachable visor reinforce for the tournament fought on foot-and horse armor, consisting of a chanfron (head defense) and saddle plates.

The Cumberland armor, the best preserved, most extensive armor garniture from the Royal Workshops at Greenwich, represents the technical and decorative peak of the Greenwich school.


AMICA ID: MMA_.32.130.6
AMICA Library Year: 2000
Media Metadata Rights: Copyright The Metropolitan Museum of Art

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