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REFINE
Browse All : Images of California from California Gold Rush
1-32 of 32
Author
Fremont, J.C.
Full Title
Map Of Oregon And Upper California (Showing the Gold Regions) From the Surveys of John Charles Fremont And other Authorities. Drawn By Charles Preuss Under the Order of the Senate Of The United States, Washington City 1848. Lithy. by E. Weber & Co. Balto. (inset) Profile of the travelling route from the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains to the Bay of San Francisco.
List No
10508.002
Author
Goodwin, F.A.
Full Title
(Covers to) Map Of California And The Adjacent Country. Compiled by F. Goodwin From the best Authors and actual Observation. Entered ... 1855 by F. Goodwin ... New York. Lith. of Geo. E. Leefe, 223 Fulton St. N.Y. (with 8 page description) A Brief Description of California, From The Time of Its First Occupation by the United States and Subsequent Growth ... Accompanied by a Map of California and adjacent Country.
List No
3438A
Author
Goodwin, F.A.
Full Title
Map Of California And The Adjacent Country. Compiled by F. Goodwin From the best Authors and actual Observation. Entered ... 1855 by F. Goodwin ... New York. Lith. of Geo. E. Leefe, 223 Fulton St. N.Y. (with 8 page description) A Brief Description of California, From The Time of Its First Occupation by the United States and Subsequent Growth ... Accompanied by a Map of California and adjacent Country.
List No
3438.001
Note
Wheat calls this "rare but otherwise unimportant," due to some misspellings and inaccuracies in the map. Streeter sale illustrates the map and the price realized was the same as the Eddy map of 1853. I find the Wheat inaccuracies minor, with most of them being misspellings. The overall map is impressive. It would be interesting to find the map or maps that were used as sources. Ouline color by state. Folded into dark brown cloth covers 16.5x11 with "Map Of California And Adjacent Country By F. Goodwin" stamped in gilt.
Author
Ensigns & Thayer
Full Title
Map of the Gold Regions of California, Showing the Routes via Chagres and Panama, Cape Horn, &c.
List No
4683.000
Note
This is the thin paper copy with smaller ornamental border and no publisher credit. Wheat believes it was folded into some copies of Farnham's "Life, Adventures, and Travels in California;" our copies of that book have the Haven map pasted in one (see our #3963) and this map pasted in the other (see our #5001). This copy shows signs of being folded. It was probably sold with the book and separately. The text is the same as the broadside issue but the title is in different type. Scarce.
Author
Gibbes, C.D.
Full Title
(Covers to) A New Map Of California. By Charles Drayton Gibbes From his own and other Recent Surveys and Explorations. MDCCCLII. Published by C.D. Gibbes, Stockton, Cal. Sherman & Smith, New York. Entered ... 1852 by Sherman & Smith ... New York. (inset) Map Of The United States Of America, Mexico, Central America, Cuba &c.
List No
0299.001
Note
Early state map, inaccurate yet elegant. Graphically, it is exceptionally well done. Wheat: "This was the most elaborate map of California that had yet appeared. It is beautifully designed and drawn, and includes a large number of the mining towns, though it cannot be entirely commended for accuracy." A portion of this map was published as Gibbes' New Map of the Gold Region in California, 1851, which was also issued in the Stockton Directory and Emigrant's Guide to the Southern Mines, Stockton, 1852 (Rocq 12978). Full color by county, map is folded into dark green cloth covers 18x10.5 with "Gibbes' Map Of The State Of California" stamped in gilt. Sherman and Smith of New York is also listed as Publisher.
Author
Gibbes, C.D.
Full Title
A New Map Of California. By Charles Drayton Gibbes From his own and other Recent Surveys and Explorations. MDCCCLII. Published by C.D. Gibbes, Stockton, Cal. Sherman & Smith, New York. Entered ... 1852 by Sherman & Smith ... New York. (inset) Map Of The United States Of America, Mexico, Central America, Cuba &c.
List No
0299.002
Note
Early state map, inaccurate yet elegant. Graphically, it is exceptionally well done. Wheat: "This was the most elaborate map of California that had yet appeared. It is beautifully designed and drawn, and includes a large number of the mining towns, though it cannot be entirely commended for accuracy." A portion of this map was published as Gibbes' New Map of the Gold Region in California, 1851, which was also issued in the Stockton Directory and Emigrant's Guide to the Southern Mines, Stockton, 1852 (Rocq 12978). Full color by county, map is folded into dark green cloth covers 18x10.5 with "Gibbes' Map Of The State Of California" stamped in gilt. Sherman and Smith of New York is also listed as Publisher.
Author
[Martin, R.M., Tallis, J. & F.]
Full Title
Mexico, California and Texas. The Illustrations by H. Warren & Engraved by J. Rogers. The Map Drawn & Engraved by J. Rapkin.
List No
0466.072
Note
Mexico in outline color by county. New or Upper California and Texas shown in outline color. California's "newly discovered GOLD districts" are highlighted in bright yellow following the paths of the R. Sacramento and the Rio San Joaquin. The accompanying illustrations include gold washing, Mexican peasants and the ruins of Uxmal, Yucatan. The decorative border includes vegetation, fruits and vegetables from the region.
Author
[Martin, R.M., Tallis, J. & F.]
Full Title
Mexico, California and Texas. The Illustrations by H. Warren & Engraved by J. Rogers. The Map Drawn & Engraved by J. Rapkin.
List No
10095.073
Note
Mexico in outline color by county. New or Upper California and Texas shown in outline color. California's "newly discovered GOLD districts" are highlighted in bright yellow following the paths of the R. Sacramento and the Rio San Joaquin. The accompanying illustrations include gold washing, Mexican peasants and the ruins of Uxmal, Yucatan. The decorative border includes vegetation, fruits and vegetables from the region.
Author
California Herald
Full Title
Gold and Quicksilver District of California. California Herald.
List No
12218.001
Author
[Geographisches Institut (Weimar, Germany), Kiepert, Heinrich, 1818-1899]
Full Title
Mexico, Texas und Californien. (with) Die Republiken von Central-America im Maasstab der Hauptkarte. (with) Haupt-Gold-District in Californien im doppelten maastab der Hauptkarte... (with) Plateau von Mexico ... Bearbeitet und gezeichnet von H. Kiepert. Situation und Schrift gestochen von K. Madel, Terrain von C. Jungmann. Weimar, Verlag des Geographischen Instituts, 1855.
List No
2077.063
Note
Engraved map. Outline hand col. Relief shown by hachures. Shows settlements, roads, missions, Indian tribes, etc. Includes relief profile: Durchschnitt des Hochlandes von Anahuac, langs der Strassen von Mexico zu den Hafen Acapulco und Veracruz nach A. v. Humboldt. Prime meridians: Greenwich, Paris and Ferro.
Author
Jackson, William A.
Full Title
(Covers to) Map Of The Mining District of California by Wm. A. Jackson. Published by Lambert & Lane, 69 Wall St. New York. Entered ... 1851 by Lambert & Lane ... New York. (with 16 page appendix) Appendix To Jackson's Map Of The Mining Districts Of California. ... Second Edition, Revised And Enlarged. New-York: Lambert & Lane, 69 Wall-Street. 1851.
List No
2545A
Author
Jackson, William A.
Full Title
Map Of The Mining District of California by Wm. A. Jackson. Published by Lambert & Lane, 69 Wall St. New York. Entered ... 1851 by Lambert & Lane ... New York. (with 16 page appendix) Appendix To Jackson's Map Of The Mining Districts Of California. ... Second Edition, Revised And Enlarged. New-York: Lambert & Lane, 69 Wall-Street. 1851.
List No
2545.001
Note
This is one of the most attractive of the California Gold Rush period maps. Here it is published in pocket map form, with the 16 page "Appendix to Jackson's Map..." which describes the important mining centers. More ornate and detailed than Jackson's map of 1850, this is the only map to label Santa Cruz county "Branciforte." Shows for the first time, some of the mining activity in the south, which Jackson was involved with as an engineer. Map is full color by county, folded into dark green cloth covers 15x10 with "Jackson's Map Of The Mining Districts Of California" stamped in gilt.
Author
Trask, John B.
Full Title
Map Of The State Of California. Published by Britton & Rey Lithographers, Cor. of Commercial & Montgomery Sts. San Francisco. Drawn & Compiled from the most recent Surveys by J.B. Trask. Entered ... 1853 by Britton & Rey ... California.
List No
2674.000
Note
Shows great detail and accuracy. Wheat: "This is one of the best, as well as one of the rarest maps of the period." See also Trask's various Geological studies of California. Bancroft duplicate. Map is full color by county.
Author
Smith, J. Calvin
Full Title
Map of North America by J. Calvin Smith. Published by J. Disturnell. New York, 1852. (with) Map of the Gold Region, California.
List No
2770.000
Note
4th issue (and last) - 1st issue was 1849, then 1850, 1851 and 1852. The North America map (without the Gold Region inset and the overland and sea routes shown and listed) appeared first as an inset in Smith's huge "Map of the United States of America" in 1843. This copy is lacking the covers. Full and outline color. Relief shown by hachures. Includes tables of overland and sea routes. California map includes western Nevada, scale (ca. 1:4,600,000). Prime meridians: Greenwich and Washington.
Author
Goddard, George H. (George Henry), 1817-1906
Full Title
Britton & Rey's Map Of The State Of California. Compiled from the U.S. Land & Coast Surveys, the several Military, Scientific & Rail Road Explorations, the State & County Boundary Surveys made under the Order of the Surveyor General of California, & from Private Surveys. By George H. Goddard, C.E. Completed with Additions & Corrections up to the day of publication from the U.S. Land Office & other reliable sources. Lithy. Of Britton & Rey, Montgomery St. Cor. Commercial, S.F. Entered ... 1857 by Britton & Rey ... California. Engraved by H. Steinegger.
List No
2901.000
Note
1st edition. Wheat: "This map, a beautiful example of the cartographer's art, is unfortunately rare and little-known...it was by far the most accurate and complete map of California and of its gold regions which had as yet been published." This copy was issued as a wall map, but it has been nicely restored, varnish removed, rebacked on paper without the rollers. The other examples I am aware of were all pocket maps. See Shumate essay on Goddard. A second edition, reduced in size, was published in 1858, and a third edition was published in 1860 (see WH copies). Map is unvarnished and without rollers. Outline color by county with a full color wash.
Author
Ensigns & Thayer
Full Title
Map Of The Gold Regions Of California, Showing the Routes via Chagres and Panama, Cape Horn, &c. ... Published by Ensigns & Thayer, 50 Ann Street New-York. (with untitled inset map of North and South America).
List No
3442.000
Note
With the wide (1.5 inch) ornamental border and printed on heavy paper. Similar to but an earlier version of the Upper or New California and Oregon portion of the Atwood and Ensigns & Thayer's Map of the United States, 1849. Closer to and derived from their Pictorial Map of the United States of 1847 (see Wheat). Also has a map of North and South America from an unknown source. Under the maps are two blocks of text, one titled "Important Directions to Persons Emigrating to California" and the other titled "Description of California or the new Gold Region." Another version of this map was published on thinner paper and with a 5/16 inch ornamental border (Wheat 85) (see our copy- the title is in different print). The geography of the west is pre-Fremont 1848 unlike the 1849 Map of the United States which incorporates Fremont 1848. This makes us think that the map may be 1848 - there is no date on the map and Wheat estimates the date from sources he does not mention (other than finding the thinner paper copy in a book published in 1849). Full color. Relief shown by hachures.
Author
Ord, Edward Otho Cresap (E.O.C.O.)
Full Title
Topographical Sketch of the Gold & Quicksilver District Of California, July 25th 1848. E. O. C. O. Lt. U.S.A. P.S. Duval's Lith. steam Press Phila.
List No
3458.000
Note
First accurate map to show the gold discoveries. In President Polk's Message to Congress, December 5, 1848, House Executive Document No.1, 30th Congress, Second Session. Wheat calls this "Most important of all the maps of 1848...of paramount importance in any cartographical consideration of the gold rush." See also Mason's two maps published with his report in the same volume. Relief shown by hachures.
Author
Mason, Richard B.
Full Title
Positions of the Upper and Lower Gold Mines on the South Fork of the American River, California. July 20th, 1848. (with, on one sheet) Upper Mines. Nos. 1&8. Lower Mines or Mormon Diggings. No. 3.
List No
3459.001
Note
Accompanies Mason's Report on the diggings. In President Polk's Message to Congress, December 5, 1848, House Executive Document No.1, 30th Congress, Second Session. Map is without color. Relief shown by hachures. Includes Distance from Sutter.
Author
Mason, Richard B.
Full Title
Upper Mines. Nos. 1&8. Lower Mines or Mormon Diggings. No. 3. (with, on one sheet) Positions of the Upper and Lower Gold Mines on the South Fork of the American River, California. July 20th, 1848.
List No
3459.002
Note
Accompanies Mason's Report on the diggings. In President Polk's Message to Congress, December 5, 1848, House Executive Document No.1, 30th Congress, Second Session. Map is without color. Relief shown by hachures.
Author
Tanner, Henry S.
Full Title
(Covers to) Map of California New Mexico Texas &c. Published by H.S. Tanner No. 156 Fulton St. New York 1849.
List No
4073A
Author
Tanner, Henry S.
Full Title
Map of California New Mexico Texas &c. Published by H.S. Tanner No. 156 Fulton St. New York 1849.
List No
4073.001
Note
This is taken from Tanner's Map of the United States of Mexico, with the addition of the California Gold Regions colored in yellow, and an added inset map of "United States, Mexico &c. Shewing the Routes from N. York to St. Francisco by Land & Water." The map has been updated to show Fremont's route across the Great Basin and the "Boundary of 1848" with Mexico. The 14x9 cover entitled "Tanner's Travelling Map of California & c has on the inside front a "Table of Routes from New-York to California, with the Modes of Conveyance, Distances, Time and Fares." This is a very late map for Tanner, still printed from engraved plates (although the impression looks a bit tired), in the next to last year of his publishing career. He died in Brooklyn in 1858.
Author
Colton, J. H.
Full Title
Map of North America from the latest authorities. Published by J.H. Colton. No. 86 Cedar St., New York. 1852. Drawn & Engraved by J.M. Atwood, New York. (with) Map of the Gold Region. California.
List No
4715.000
Note
See our #3507 and #170 for related maps. This map shows most of Alaska but not as far north as #3507. It is not clear where this map came from - it was folded to fit into a quarto sized book (not present here), and it may have been in the 1852 issue of the United States Register by John Disturnell, as #3507 was in the 1854 United States Register (see our 1861 U.S. Register by Disturnell with a smaller Colton Map). This map was also published in 1852 to accompany volume one of Richard Swainson Fisher's "The Book of The World", NY, J.H. Colton, two volumes, 8vo. It has the inset map of the gold regions, and the inset has been updated with many towns, etc. The main map has also been updated in the West, showing Utah, New Mexico, California, reduced Texas, etc. There is no inset map of South America as appears in the 1849 issue, and this map extends much further to the north to include most of Canada and about half of Alaska. All three of these maps were probably derived from Colton's Map of North America that is listed in his catalogues from 1851 to 1855 and is somewhat larger, we assume because of decorative borders. Strangely, that map is not found in any references. Without color. Includes view: Pyramid Lake, Upper California (i.e., Nevada)
Author
Tennent, Thomas
Full Title
(Covers to) Map Of Lower Oregon and Upper California from the latest and Most Authentic Surveys Published by Thomas Tennent, at the Surveying & Navigation Warehouse Sign of "The Wooden Sailor." San Francisco. 1853. California. Lith. by Alex: Zakreski Cor. Washington & Monty. Entered ... 1853, by Thomas Tennent ... California.
List No
5401A
Author
Tennent, Thomas
Full Title
Map Of Lower Oregon and Upper California from the latest and Most Authentic Surveys Published by Thomas Tennent, at the Surveying & Navigation Warehouse Sign of "The Wooden Sailor." San Francisco. 1853. California. Lith. by Alex: Zakreski Cor. Washington & Monty. Entered ... 1853, by Thomas Tennent ... California.
List No
5401.001
Note
One of the earliest detailed maps of Oregon. The brown cloth cover 15x9 has "Map Of Lower Oregon And Upper California, From The Latest And Most Authentic Surveys. Published By Thomas Tennent, At The Surveying & Navigation Warehouse, Sign Of The "Wooden Sailor," San Francisco, Cal. 1853." Uncolored.
Author
Hartmann, Carl
Full Title
(Covers to) Die wichtigsten Hafen und Rheden, sowie die Goldregion von Californien. (with 10 maps:) Bai und Hafen von San Francisco. Der Hafen San Pedro. Das Stromgebiet des San Sacramento nebst den Goldlager-statten. Der Haven von San Francisco. Bai und Hafen von MonteRey. Mundungen der Flusse Colorado und Gila. Bai und Hafen von San Diego. Bai und Hafen von Santa Barbara. Der Hafen von la Paz und Bai von Pichilingue. Die Bai la Trinidad. Alfr. Hartmann, Architect, entworf. Zu Hartmanns zweiten Bericht uber Californien. Weimar, 1849. Verlag und Lithographie von B.F. Voigt.
List No
5470A
Note
Map, on heavy stock paper, folds to 22x14 with a blue label printed in black, "Dr. C. Hartmann's Specialkarte von Californien. enthaltend : 9 Kartchen von der Goldregion, sowie von den wichtigsten Hafen und Rheden. ... Weimar, Bernh. Fr. Voigt."
Author
Hartmann, Carl
Full Title
Die wichtigsten Hafen und Rheden, sowie die Goldregion von Californien. (with 10 maps:) Bai und Hafen von San Francisco. Der Hafen San Pedro. Das Stromgebiet des San Sacramento nebst den Goldlager-statten. Der Haven von San Francisco. Bai und Hafen von MonteRey. Mundungen der Flusse Colorado und Gila. Bai und Hafen von San Diego. Bai und Hafen von Santa Barbara. Der Hafen von la Paz und Bai von Pichilingue. Die Bai la Trinidad. Alfr. Hartmann, Architect, entworf. Zu Hartmanns zweiten Bericht uber Californien. Weimar, 1849. Verlag und Lithographie von B.F. Voigt.
List No
5470.001
Note
Map showing the bays, rivers, and Gold Region of California. Although uncolored, there is shading in the ocean, and hachures on the land. Soundings are given. Scale varies from map to map. Map, on heavy stock paper, folds to 22x14 with a blue label printed in black, "Dr. C. Hartmann's Specialkarte von Californien. enthaltend : 9 Kartchen von der Goldregion, sowie von den wichtigsten Hafen und Rheden. ... Weimar, Bernh. Fr. Voigt." Also appeared in: From: Hartmann, Carl. Geographisch-statistiche Beschreibung von Californien ... 1849.
Author
Eddy, William M.
Full Title
(covers to) Approved and declared to be the official map of the State of California by an act of the Legislature passed March 25th 1853. Compiled by W.M. Eddy State Surveyor General. Published for R.A. Eddy, Marysville, California by J.H. Colton, No. 86 Cedar St. New York 1854. Authorities --- (with inset:) San Francisco and Adjoining Bays. Engraved on stone by Schedler & Liebler, 129 William St. New York. Printed by D. McLellan, 26 Spruce St. N.Y. Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1853 by Wm. M. Eddy in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Northern District of California.
List No
5582A
Note
Lithograph, 49 3/4"x 38 1/2" plus floral border. Scale18 miles to an inch. Inset : 19 3/8"x 15 1/2", scale about 2 1/4 miles to an inch. Full color. Once folded, now flattened and backed with rice paper. Folder, 6 1/4"x 4 1/4" (15 x 12 cm.), rebacked, leather covered, blind stamped, title in gilt on front cover; verso front cover leaf of text advertising Colton's maps. In ink on leaf : Genl [name not decipherable] from Wm M Ed[dy ]. This matches signature on Eddy's Surveryor General's Report for 1852. According to Wheat, Eddy died in March, 1854. Wheat states that map was not yet ready in March 1854 but does not give reason. However, Eddy as Surveyor General states in his report dated Dec. 15, 1853 that he has received a few copies of the map and more were soon expected. My copy is signed by Eddy on verso of cover. Acquired from the Warren Heckrotte Collection, which is source of description and notes.
Author
Eddy, William M.
Full Title
Approved and declared to be the official map of the State of California by an act of the Legislature passed March 25th 1853. Compiled by W.M. Eddy State Surveyor General. Published for R.A. Eddy, Marysville, California by J.H. Colton, No. 86 Cedar St. New York 1854. Authorities --- (with inset:) San Francisco and Adjoining Bays. Engraved on stone by Schedler & Liebler, 129 William St. New York. Printed by D. McLellan, 26 Spruce St. N.Y. Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1853 by Wm. M. Eddy in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Northern District of California.
List No
5582.001
Note
Lithograph, 49 3/4"x 38 1/2" plus floral border. Scale18 miles to an inch. Inset : 19 3/8"x 15 1/2", scale about 2 1/4 miles to an inch. Full color. Once folded, now flattened and backed with rice paper. Folder, 6 1/4"x 4 1/4" (15 x 12 cm.), rebacked, leather covered, blind stamped, title in gilt on front cover; verso front cover leaf of text advertising Colton's maps. In ink on leaf : Genl [name not decipherable] from Wm M Ed[dy ]. This matches signature on Eddy's Surveryor General's Report for 1852. According to Wheat, Eddy died in March, 1854. Wheat states that map was not yet ready in March 1854 but does not give reason. However, Eddy as Surveyor General states in his report dated Dec. 15, 1853 that he has received a few copies of the map and more were soon expected. My copy is signed by Eddy on verso of cover. Acquired from the Warren Heckrotte Collection, which is the source of description and notes.
Author
[Bidwell, John, 1819-1900, Larkin, Thomas Oliver, 1802-1858]
Full Title
Map of the Valley of the Sacramento including the Gold Region. This map is a correct tracing of the map of Bidwell, Land Surveyor, by Thos. O. Larkin Esq: late Consul of the U.S. for California; and by him stated to be the best reference in California. Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1848 by J.H. Bufford & Co. in the Clerks office for the District Court of Massachusetts. Table of Distances (distances by sea to California and points in between)
List No
5583.000
Note
Escala de 15 Leguas Spanish (linear scale). Lithograph, 21 3/8"x 17 1/4", full color. Scale about ---. Folded in cloth case, 5"x 3 1/4", blind stamped, "Gold Region" in gilt on front cover; on verso of front cover, printed paper label, in gilt, reading, "A Correct Survey of the Gold Region California." The map shows Ranchos in the Central Valley and along the American river has "Gold Region" on both sides. Signature in ink on verso front cover, "Stickney & Thaxter". Contained in red leather drop case, gilt trim, title in gilt on spine. Original in Warren Heckrotte Collection, which is the source of description and notes.
Author
Tassin, J. B.
Full Title
A newly constructed and improved map of the state of California. Shewing the extent and boundary of the different counties according to an Act passed by the Legislature April 25th, 1851. With a corrected and improved delineation of the gold region compiled from the best and most recent surveys by J.B. Tassin. Lith. by Pollard & Peregoy -- Published by Cooke and Lecount, San Francisco. Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1851 by J.B. Tassin ... Northern District of the state of California.
List No
5651.000
Note
Relief shown by hachures and spot heights. Shows drainage, counties, roads, etc. Covers also Nevada. Wheat Gold states it shows many more mining camps than any of the 1850 maps and "It is quite similar to Butler but discloses somewhat better workmanship."
Author
[Bank of America, California State Fair]
Full Title
The Mother Lode of California. (on verso) '49ers guide to the Mother Lode, Mariposa to Downieville : with map ; profusely illustrated. A souvenir of the California State Fair, with complements of Bank of America National Trust and Savings Association. copyright 1949, bank of America Nt & SA. Photographs from Otheto Weston's Mother Lode Album, Stanford University Press.
List No
8027.003
Note
Color map, folded into cover 22.5x10. Covers gold mining area on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada mountains and historical sites. On verso of map: Cover title, text, illustrations, photos of historic places, and location map. "Stars indicate communities having bank of America Branch ..."
Author
Lindgren, Jolly
Full Title
A hysterical map of the Mother Lode : Where California was born, and hell was raised. Drawn in broken English by Jolly Lindgren. (Copyright) Lindgren Brothers- Spokane.
List No
8028.000
Note
Humorous pictorial map by Lindgren Brothers, with emphasis on both verbal and visual humor "This map is cockeyed but this is correct I, bethca". They titled these inexpensive tourist souvenirs "Hysterical Maps," seeking to distinguish them from historical maps, featuring the highlights of gold mining areas in California, including logo of "California gold Centennials 1948-1949". Map shows major cities, capital, camps, rivers, etc. Relief shown pictorially.
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