COLLECTION NAME:
David Rumsey Historical Map Collection
mediaCollectionId
RUMSEY~8~1
David Rumsey Historical Map Collection
Collection
true
Author:
(Jain Culture)
author
(Jain Culture)
Author
false
Date:
1850
date
1850
Date
false
Short Title:
Manuṣyaloka (मनुष्यलोक) (Cosmological Diagram - The World of Mortals.)
short_title
Manuṣyaloka (मनुष्यलोक) (Cosmological Diagram - The World of Mortals.)
Short Title
false
Publisher:
(Jain Culture)
publisher
(Jain Culture)
Publisher
false
Type:
Separate Map
type
Separate Map
Type
false
Obj Height cm:
80
obj_height_cm
80
Obj Height cm
false
Obj Width cm:
80
obj_width_cm
80
Obj Width cm
false
Note:
1850 date estimated. Cornell, below, dates their copy 18th century. LOC dates their copy 189? From a description of a similar Jain painting at the Johnson Museum at Cornell University: "This large painting consists of a map-like rendering of the middle world, one of three worlds that comprise the Jain universe. Located between the celestial realm and the lower world of the damned, this middle world is where mortals and all sentient beings live and is the place from which liberation becomes possible. The composition takes the form of a series of concentric circles representing continents and oceans. In the center lies the continent of Jambudvipa, location of India and Mount Meru, surrounded by two oceans and two-and-a-half more continents. The oceans are filled with various aquatic creatures, while the continents contain humans, animals, rivers, and land features, including the five cosmic mountains, shown along the horizontal axis of the painting as yellow disks with pairs of multicolored, arch-like forms. Enshrined Jinas occupy the vertical axis of the continents and also appear in the four corners of the painting." Our Jain map is similar, it also depicts Jambudvipa with the region of Mahavideha, bounded north and south by mountain ranges with Mount Meru at its center and "elephant tusk" shaped mountains encompassing the regions of Uttarakuru to the north and Devakuru to the south. At the lower part of the map is the bow-shaped region of Bharata, representing India itself. For the Cornell painting, see http://museum.corne
"Jainism is an Indian religion, which was founded by Vardhamana Mahavira, a spiritual leader called the Jina (conqueror), in the sixth century B.C. Jainism teaches nonviolence towards all living beings. Its philosophy and practice rely mainly on the effort of advancing the soul on the spiritual ladder to divine consciousness in a universe that has no beginning or end. Jainism has its own version of geography and cosmology, in which the universe is divided into three kingdoms: the upper is the realm of the heavens and the celestials; the middle is the domain of humans, animals, and plants; and the lower, which belongs to the damned and the disorderly. This 19th-century cosmological diagram of the manuṣyaloka (the human world), comes from western Rajasthan, a state in India with one of the largest Jain populations. The chart shows the Adhai-dvipa, or the two and a half continents inhabited by mortals. The continents are shown as concentric circles surrounded by ring-shaped oceans filled with swimmers and fish, complex networks of rivers and lakes, and mountain ranges. The continent Jambudvipa (rose-apple tree island) is shown in the center of the chart, encircled by a blue ring that represents the Lavana Samudra (Salt Ocean). The next ring corresponds to the continent Dhatakikanda bounded by Kalodadhi (Black-Water Ocean). The outermost band represents half of the third continent, Pushkaradvipa (lotus island).This final band is surrounded by the multi-colored peaks of the mountain range that delimits mortal space, while the pavilions at the corners of the chart represent celestial guardians of the human world." World Digital Library.
"Jainism is an Indian religion, which was founded by Vardhamana Mahavira, a spiritual leader called the Jina (conqueror), in the sixth century B.C. Jainism teaches nonviolence towards all living beings. Its philosophy and practice rely mainly on the effort of advancing the soul on the spiritual ladder to divine consciousness in a universe that has no beginning or end. Jainism has its own version of geography and cosmology, in which the universe is divided into three kingdoms: the upper is the realm of the heavens and the celestials; the middle is the domain of humans, animals, and plants; and the lower, which belongs to the damned and the disorderly. This 19th-century cosmological diagram of the manuṣyaloka (the human world), comes from western Rajasthan, a state in India with one of the largest Jain populations. The chart shows the Adhai-dvipa, or the two and a half continents inhabited by mortals. The continents are shown as concentric circles surrounded by ring-shaped oceans filled with swimmers and fish, complex networks of rivers and lakes, and mountain ranges. The continent Jambudvipa (rose-apple tree island) is shown in the center of the chart, encircled by a blue ring that represents the Lavana Samudra (Salt Ocean). The next ring corresponds to the continent Dhatakikanda bounded by Kalodadhi (Black-Water Ocean). The outermost band represents half of the third continent, Pushkaradvipa (lotus island).This final band is surrounded by the multi-colored peaks of the mountain range that delimits mortal space, while the pavilions at the corners of the chart represent celestial guardians of the human world." World Digital Library.
note
1850 date estimated. Cornell, below, dates their copy 18th century. LOC dates their copy 189? From a description of a similar Jain painting at the Johnson Museum at Cornell University: "This large painting consists of a map-like rendering of the middle world, one of three worlds that comprise the Jain universe. Located between the celestial realm and the lower world of the damned, this middle world is where mortals and all sentient beings live and is the place from which liberation becomes possible. The composition takes the form of a series of concentric circles representing continents and oceans. In the center lies the continent of Jambudvipa, location of India and Mount Meru, surrounded by two oceans and two-and-a-half more continents. The oceans are filled with various aquatic creatures, while the continents contain humans, animals, rivers, and land features, including the five cosmic mountains, shown along the horizontal axis of the painting as yellow disks with pairs of multicolored, arch-like forms. Enshrined Jinas occupy the vertical axis of the continents and also appear in the four corners of the painting." Our Jain map is similar, it also depicts Jambudvipa with the region of Mahavideha, bounded north and south by mountain ranges with Mount Meru at its center and "elephant tusk" shaped mountains encompassing the regions of Uttarakuru to the north and Devakuru to the south. At the lower part of the map is the bow-shaped region of Bharata, representing India itself. For the Cornell painting, see http://museum.cornell.edu/collections/asian-pacific/south-asia/jain-cosmological-diagram-world-mortals
"Jainism is an Indian religion, which was founded by Vardhamana Mahavira, a spiritual leader called the Jina (conqueror), in the sixth century B.C. Jainism teaches nonviolence towards all living beings. Its philosophy and practice rely mainly on the effort of advancing the soul on the spiritual ladder to divine consciousness in a universe that has no beginning or end. Jainism has its own version of geography and cosmology, in which the universe is divided into three kingdoms: the upper is the realm of the heavens and the celestials; the middle is the domain of humans, animals, and plants; and the lower, which belongs to the damned and the disorderly. This 19th-century cosmological diagram of the manuṣyaloka (the human world), comes from western Rajasthan, a state in India with one of the largest Jain populations. The chart shows the Adhai-dvipa, or the two and a half continents inhabited by mortals. The continents are shown as concentric circles surrounded by ring-shaped oceans filled with swimmers and fish, complex networks of rivers and lakes, and mountain ranges. The continent Jambudvipa (rose-apple tree island) is shown in the center of the chart, encircled by a blue ring that represents the Lavana Samudra (Salt Ocean). The next ring corresponds to the continent Dhatakikanda bounded by Kalodadhi (Black-Water Ocean). The outermost band represents half of the third continent, Pushkaradvipa (lotus island).This final band is surrounded by the multi-colored peaks of the mountain range that delimits mortal space, while the pavilions at the corners of the chart represent celestial guardians of the human world." World Digital Library.
Note
false
World Area:
World
world_area
World
World Area
false
Subject:
Religions
subject
Religions
Subject
false
Subject:
Pictorial map
subject
Pictorial map
Subject
false
Subject:
Celestial
subject
Celestial
Subject
false
Subject:
Data Visualization
subject
Data Visualization
Subject
false
Full Title:
Manuṣyaloka (मनुष्यलोक) (Cosmological Diagram - The World of Mortals.)
full_title
Manuṣyaloka (मनुष्यलोक) (Cosmological Diagram - The World of Mortals.)
Full Title
false
List No:
12047.000
list_no
12047.000
List No
false
Series No:
1
series_no
1
Series No
false
Publication Author:
(Jain Culture)
publication_author
(Jain Culture)
Publication Author
false
Pub Date:
1850
pub_date
1850
Pub Date
false
Pub Title:
Manuṣyaloka (मनुष्यलोक) (Cosmological Diagram - The Map of Jambudvipa.)
pub_title
Manuṣyaloka (मनुष्यलोक) (Cosmological Diagram - The Map of Jambudvipa.)
Pub Title
false
Pub Reference:
History of Cartography, Volume 2, see Joseph Schwartzberg, chapter 16; The Jain Cosmology, C. Caillat and R. Kumar cf Pi42/3; cf V&A number CIRC. 91-1970.
pub_reference
History of Cartography, Volume 2, see Joseph Schwartzberg, chapter 16; The Jain Cosmology, C. Caillat and R. Kumar cf Pi42/3; cf V&A number CIRC. 91-1970.
Pub Reference
false
Pub Note:
Date estimated. Painted in gouache on a large fabric square.
pub_note
Date estimated. Painted in gouache on a large fabric square.
Pub Note
false
Pub List No:
12047.000
pub_list_no
12047.000
Pub List No
false
Pub Type:
Fabric Map
pub_type
Fabric Map
Pub Type
false
Pub Type:
Manuscript Map
pub_type
Manuscript Map
Pub Type
false
Pub Maps:
1
pub_maps
1
Pub Maps
false
Pub Height cm:
80
pub_height_cm
80
Pub Height cm
false
Pub Width cm:
80
pub_width_cm
80
Pub Width cm
false
Image No:
12047000.jp2
image_no
12047000.jp2
Image No
false
Download 1:
fullsidurl
<a href=https://www.davidrumsey.com/rumsey/download.pl?image=/162/12047000.jp2 target=_blank>Full Image Download in JP2 Format</a>
Download 1
false
Download 2:
mrsidsoftwareurl
<a href="https://www.extensis.com/support/geoviewer-9" target="_blank">GeoViewer for JP2 and SID files</a>
Download 2
false
Authors:
(Jain Culture)
author_thumbnail_label
(Jain Culture)
Authors
false