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News
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May 1, 2013
- News
- May 1, 2013
DPLA Announces Partnership with Rumsey Map Collection
The Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) is partnering with the David Rumsey Map Collection to provide online access to tens of thousands of significant historical maps and images. As part of the relationship, David Rumsey will provide metadata for over 38,000 maps and images, making the entirety of his notable online collection instantly accessible via the DPLA website and API.

The Eagle Map of the United States. 1833. Joseph and James Churchman, Philadelphia. In: Rudiments of National Knowledge, Presented To The Youth Of The United States, And To Enquiring Foreigners, 1833.
A couple prominent examples of items from the Rumsey collections available through the DPLA are The Eagle Map of the United States, produced by Joseph and James Churchman, Philadelphia, 1833, (view on the DPLA), and the Map of Lewis and Clark’s Track, Across the Western Portion of North America, produced in 1814 (view on the DPLA). Other noteworthy items from Rumsey’s collections range from maps found in historic atlases to images of three-dimensional objects such as globes.
“I am very excited to have my digital library of historical maps added to the DPLA,” Rumsey said. “Maps tell stories that complement texts, images, and other resources found in the growing DPLA library. And the open content policies of my online library fit perfectly with DPLA’s mission to make cultural resources freely available to all. I see DPLA as reinvigorating the role of public libraries in educating children and adults in the digital age. I hope that my participation can serve as an example to others with private collections to share them with the public through the DPLA. Private collectors have always helped to build libraries and now they can do the same with digital cultural assets.”
“David Rumsey’s incredible collection of historical maps is one of the great private collections in the United States,” added DPLA Executive Director Dan Cohen. “What he has been able to assemble and make broadly available is simply astonishing. It is an honor to have these maps as part of the DPLA, and together to help others discover what their communities looked like in the past. We thank David for his generosity.”
Rumsey, President of Cartography Associates, a digital publishing company based in San Francisco, began building a collection of North and South American historical maps and related cartographic materials in 1980. His collection, with more than 150,000 maps, is one of the largest private map collections in the United States. In 1995, Rumsey began the task of making his collection public by building the online David Rumsey Historical Map Collection. Currently the online web site has over 38,000 high-resolution images of maps from his collection.
In 2009, Rumsey committed to donating his entire collection – both physical and digital – to Stanford University, which is currently creating an all-new Map Center to house it.
Rumsey’s online collection of maps is free to the public and is updated monthly. All of the online maps are searchable via the DPLA.
About the Digital Public Library of America
The Digital Public Library of America brings together the riches of America’s libraries, archives, and museums, and makes them freely available to the world. It strives to contain the full breadth of human expression, from the written word, to works of art and culture, to records of America’s heritage, to the efforts and data of science. The DPLA aims to expand this crucial realm of openly available materials, and make those riches more easily discovered and more widely usable and used. More information is online at http://dp.la.
About the David Rumsey Map Collection
The David Rumsey Map Collection was started over 25 years ago and contains more than 150,000 maps. The collection focuses on rare 18th and 19th century maps of North and South America, although it also has maps of the World, Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania. The collection includes atlases, wall maps, globes, school geographies, pocket maps, books of exploration, maritime charts, and a variety of cartographic materials including pocket, wall, children’s, and manuscript maps. Items range in date from about 1700 to 1950s.
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Recent Additions
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February 11, 2013
- Recent Additions
- February 11, 2013
February 11, 2013 - 2,745 New Maps Added
2,745 new maps and images have been added to the David Rumsey Map Collection, bringing the online collection to 37,365 maps and related images. Highlights in this addition are Cruz Cano's large wall map of South America 1775, two miniature atlases from 1758 and 1762, maps by Aaron Arrowsmith, a large group of pocket maps, an important large wall map of Georgia 1818, three copies of Tanner's American Atlas 1823, 1824, 1833, 63 birds-eye views of the Austrian countryside around Vienna 1837, Emma Willard's Chronographer of American History 1845, an 1870 Union Pacific Railroad map game, the 26 sheet 1880 Map of Western Palestine (also in Google Earth), 1885 Map of Chinatown in San Francisco (also in Google Earth), six Panoramic Views of U.S. National Parks 1914-15, 72 years (1918-90) of official California State Highway System maps, and the 1966 Atlas of Czechoslovakia. All titles may be found by clicking on the View links or images below. Or click here to view all 2,745 new maps and images.
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Mapa Geografico De America Meridional, 1775 |
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Atlas Minimus, 1758; Atlas Geographicus Portatilis, 1762 |
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The General Atlas For Carey's Edition Of Guthrie's Geography Improved ... 1795 |
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Two Editions of Wilkinson's General Atlas of the World, 1806 and 1808, and the 1823 Edition of Wilkinson's Atlas Classica. |
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Colombia Prima or South America, In which it has been attempted to delineate the Extent of our Knowledge of that Continent Extracted Chiefly from the Original Manuscript Maps of His Excellency the late Chevalier Pinto Likewise from those of Joao Joaquin da Rocha, Joao da Costa Ferreira, El Padre Francisco Manuel Sobrevielo &c. And From the most Authentic Edited Accounts of Those Countries, 1807 |
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13 Maps and 1 Atlas by Aaron Arrowsmith, various dates, 1799 to 1822 |
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Oddy's New General Atlas Of The World Containing Maps of Empires, Kingdoms, States Principalities &c. Engraved and Carefully Selected from the latest and most Approved Authors by James Wallis. London. Published by S.A. Oddy, No. 20 Warwick Lane & Sold by Davies & Eldridge, Exeter, Thompson & Wrightson, Birmingham & T. Sutherland, Edinburgh. 1811 |
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A Military and Topographical Atlas of the United States; including The British Possessions & Florida ... To Which Is Added, A List Of The Military Districts, A Register Of The Army, And A List Of The Navy Of The United States, 2 editions, 1813 and 1815. |
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372 Pocket Maps and Related Images, Various Dates, 1813 - 1969. |
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Comparative View of the Heights of the Principal Mountains &c. in the World, 1816 |
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Comparative View of the Lengths of the Principal Rivers in the World, 1817 |
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Map Of The State of Georgia Prepared from actual Surveys and other Documents for Eleazer Early By Daniel Sturges, 1818 |
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A New American Atlas Containing Maps Of The Several States of the North American Union, Projected and drawn on a Uniform Scale from Documents found in the public Offices of the United States and State Governments, and other Original and Authentic Information - Three Editions, 1823, 1824, 1833 |
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A Group of 58 Guide Books from 1819 to 1934 |
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Karte der Schweiz, von Dr. I. Woerl. Lithographie von B. Herder in Freiburg im Breisgau, 1835 |
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Hand Atlas Uber Alle Theile Der Erde nach dem neuesten Zustande Und Uber Das Weltgebaude, 1837 |
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Nach Angabe und auf Kosten des Verfassers der Darstellung des Erzharzofthums Osterreich unter der Ens. (The depiction of the Archduchy Austria below the Enns), 1837 |
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Willard's Chronographer of American History, 1845 |
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Topographical & Geological Map Of The Property Belonging To The Brady's Bend Iron Co. Located In Armstrong County Pa., 1850 |
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Atlas Of Physical Geography, Illustrating, In A Series Of Original Designs, The Elementary Facts Of Geology, Hydrology, Meteorology, And Natural History, 1852 |
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Department of Oregon. Map of the State of Oregon and Washington Territory, 1859 |
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Illustrirter Handatlas fur Freunde der Erdkunde und Zum Gebrauch Beim Unterricht im verein mit Heinrich Leutemann Herausgegeben von Ehrenfried Leeder und Theodor Schade, 1863 |
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Carta corografica del Estado de Panama, 1865 |
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Detailed Maps Of The North West Boundary From Points Roberts To The Rocky Mountains Between The United States And The British Possessions, 1866 |
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United States Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel. Clarence King. Geologist in Charge. Atlas Accompanying Volume III on Mining Industry, 1870 |
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The Voyage from New York to San Francisco upon the Union Pacific Railroad. El Viage De Nueva York A San Francisco Sobre el ferro-carril pacifico de los estados unidos. Reise von New-York nach San Francisco auf der Union-Pacific Bahn. Il viaggio di Nuova York a San Francisco sulla strada ferrata pacifica degli stati uniti. De reis van New-York na San-francisco op de Pacific-ijzerbaan van de vereenigte Staaten. Le voyage de New-york a San Francisco sur le chemin de fer pacific des etats unis, 1870 |
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Carte drolatique d'Europe pour 1870 |
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Hand Atlas Uber Alle Theile Der Erde Und Uber Das Weltgebaude. Erste Auscabe 1817 Jubel Auscabe 1867, 1873 |
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Reports upon the Survey of the Boundary Between the Territory of the United States and the Possessions of Great Britain from the Lake of the Woods to the Summit of the Rocky Mountains, 1878 |
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The Statistical Atlas of England, Scotland and Ireland, 1882 |
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Map of Western Palestine in 26 Sheets from surveys conducted for the Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund by Lieutenants C.R. Conder and H.H. Kitchener, R.E. During the Years 1872 - 1877. [Bound with 4 other maps of Palestine], 1880 |
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Official Map of Chinatown in San Francisco. Prepared under the supervision of the Special Committee of the Board of Supervisors, July, 1885 |
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B.F. Steven's Facsimile of the Unpublished British Head Quarters Coloured Manuscript map of New York & Environs, 1782, Reproduced from the original drawing in the War Office, London. Issued only to subscribers at 4, Trafalgar Square, W.C., London. 1782 |
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Andrees Allgemeiner Handatlas in 139 Haupt- und 161 Nebenkarten nebst vollstandigem alphabetischem Namenverzeichnis. Funfte, vollig neubearbeitete und vermehrte Auflage. Jubilaumsausgabe. Herausgegeben von A. Scobel. Bielefeld Und Leipzig, Verlag Von Velhagen & Klasing, 1906. |
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The Victoria Regina Atlas, Political, Physical & Astronomical. Containing Two Hundred Plates and Complete Index. Second Edition. W. & A.K. Johnston, Ltd. Established 1825. Edinburgh & London. 1906. |
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Map of Alaska By the Alaska Road Commission. 1909 |
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Six Panoramic Views of United States National Parks, 1914 - 1915 |
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Official California State Highway System Maps From 1918 - 1990 |
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California, 1945 |
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Physiographic Diagram, Atlantic Ocean (Sheet 1), 1957 |
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Alaska: Far North Frontier, 1959 |
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The New Portrait of our Planet. Life, 1960 |
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Six Airline Route Maps, 1960 - 1967 |
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The Floor of the World Ocean, 1961 |
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Eleven California Freeway and Expressway Maps, 1962 - 1975 |
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California Water Resources Development, including Development of the Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Major Features of the California Water Plan together with Various Projects of Districts and Municipalities, 1963 |
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Atlas Ceskoslovenske Socialisticke Republiky. (Atlas of the Czechoslovakian Socialist Republic), 1966 |
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Atlas of Volcanic Phenomena, 1971 |
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Climatic Atlas of North and Central America. Atlas climatico de America del Norte y America Central. Altas climatique de l'Amerique de Nord et de l'Amerique Centrale. I. Maps of mean temperatures and precipitation ... 1979 |
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News
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November 1, 2012
- News
- November 1, 2012
PBS NewsHour Story links Apple, Google, and Historical Maps
The October 31, 2012 edition of the PBS NewsHour had a story by Spencer Michels on the competition between Apple and Google map services, and it included an interview with David Rumsey on the "cartographic continuum" between old paper maps and new digital maps.
Here is the story on Apple vs Google maps with excerpts from the Rumsey interview:
And the full interview with David Rumsey from the NewsHour website:
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Recent Additions
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September 23, 2012
- Recent Additions
- September 23, 2012
September 23, 2012 - 2,174 New Maps Added
2,174 new maps and images have been added to the David Rumsey Map Collection, bringing the online collection to 34,595 maps and images. Highlights in this addition are Arrowsmith's Large Maps of Europe, Africa and Asia, 1796 - 1818, Pardies' Star and Constellation Maps of the Heavens, 1693, the five volume 1764 Petit Atlas Maritime by Bellin, Pownall's 1776 Topographical Description, a huge 1845 manuscript map of the New York and New Haven Railroad, a group of Pocket and Guide Maps from 1822 to 1936, 11 U.S. County Atlases from 1865 to 1908, the manuscript Log Of H.M.S. "Swiftsure" from 1884, and 136 Wall Maps from the University of California Geography Department. All titles may be found by clicking on the View links or images below. Or click here to view all 2,174 new maps and images.
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Large Maps of Europe, Africa and Asia, 1796 - 1818 |
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Star and Constellation Maps of the Heavens, 1693 |
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Le Petit Atlas Maritime Recueil De Cartes et Plans Des Quatre Parties Du Monde, 1764 |
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A Topographical Description of Such Parts of North America as are Contained in the (Annexed) Map of the Middle British Colonies, 1776 |
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Outlines Of The World. By A. Arrowsmith, Hydrographer to His Majesty. London; Published Jany 4th 1825, by A. & S. Arrowsmith, No. 10, Soho Square, 1825 |
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A Chorographical Map Of The Province Of New-York In North America, Divided into Counties, Manors, Patents and Townships, Exhibiting likewise all the private Grants of Land made and located in that Province; Compiled from Actual Surveys deposited in the Patent Office at New York, 1779 |
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Map Exhibiting The Experimental and Located Lines for the New-York and New-Haven Rail-Road ... Projected and Drawn by P. Anderson Civil Engr., 1845 |
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147 Maps and Images from Pocket Maps and Guides, 1822 - 1936 |
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A New Universal Atlas Containing Maps of the various Empires, Kingdoms, States and Republics Of The World. With a special map of each of the United States, Plans of Cities &c. Comprehended in seventy sheets and forming a series of One Hundred And Seventeen Maps, Plans And Sections ..., 1849 View All Online Mitchell Universal Atlases - 1846, 1848, 1849, 1853, 1855, 1859 |
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An Atlas of the World, Comprehending Separate Maps of its various Countries, Constructed & drawn from the latest Astronomical & Geographical Observations, 1864 |
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Map Of The Region Adjacent To The Bay Of San Francisco. State Geological Survey Of California, J.D. Whitney, State Geologist. The Coast, Rancho, Township and Section Lines from Materials furnished by the U.S. Coast Survey and the U.S. Surveyor General's Office, the Topography chiefly from Original Surveys by C.F. Hoffman, 1867 |
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11 U.S. County Atlases, 1865 - 1908 |
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Centennial Map Of The United States and Territories Showing the Extent of Public Surveys, Indian and Military Reservations...& Other Details, 1878 |
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Joint Maps Of The Northern Boundary Of The United States, From The Lake Of The Woods To The Summit Of The Rocky Mountains, 1878 |
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Log Of H.M.S. "Swiftsure" Bearing the (flag of) Rear Admiral H.M.L. Lyons commanded by Captain C. Mainwaring. C.F. Henderson, 1884 |
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Pocket Mining Atlas. Compiled From The Latest Official Surveys, And The Most Authentic Sources. Engineering and Mining Journal, 1880 |
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34 Historic Topographic Maps of the Sierra Nevada by the United States Geological Survey, 1891 - 1951 |
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136 Wall Maps from the Collection of the University of California, Berkeley, Geography Department, 1900 - 2005 |
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News
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August 24, 2012
- News
- August 24, 2012
Joshua Jelly-Shapiro on the Revolution in Cartography
The September 2012 issue of Harper's Magazine has a very interesting article by Joshua Jelly-Shapiro titled "All Over The Map - A Revolution in Cartography." Jelly-Shapiro reviews two recent books, "Maphead" by Ken Jennings and "Infinite City" by Rebecca Solnit. He also discusses the David Rumsey Map Collection along with technological innovations that are revolutionizing cartography and our understanding of space and place.
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Featured Maps
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August 21, 2012
- Featured Maps
- August 21, 2012
Mapping the Heavens in 1693
Ignace Gaston Pardies created a series of six beautiful star and constellation maps in the late 17th century. All six map plates join together to make a unified view of the Heavens as seen from the Earth. Pardies, a French Jesuit and professor of mathematics in Paris, corresponded with leading scientists of his day, including Newton, Leibniz and Huygens. His background in classical literature and science is evident in the complex artistry and mathematical precision of the six star maps. Pardies' use of a geocentric cartographic view of the stars was unusual for the time - most star charts and celestial globes used the God's eye perspective - looking at the entire universe from outside it. Our Cassini 1792 Celestial Globe is an example of the God's eye view - an earth-bound user had to imagine seeing the drawn constellations in the actual sky in reverse. With Pardies' maps we see the sky as it appears from earth. Pardies drew the maps on the gnomonic projection which visualized the universe as a six-sided cube instead of a globe. This method allows for accurate measurement by straight lines between any point on the map. He also showed the paths of many important comets from 1577 to 1682 moving through the constellations. In order to assist users in visualizing various aspects of these star maps, we have georeferenced the maps in GIS and then joined them together, first as a cube, then as a globe, then in other projections, and in Google Earth, and those visualizations are shown below.
Pardies' stunning artistry can be seen in the second of the six plates, with the constellations Cetus, Aquarius, Andromeda, Pegasus and Aries:
Here is the full image of Plate 2 with Latin text on the left side and French text on the right side:
A detail of Plate 2 shows the head of Cetus and the tracks of two comets:
When Pardies' plates where published separately as an atlas, it was titled in Latin "Globi coelestis in tabulas planas redacti descriptio auctore R.P. Ignatio Gastone Pardies Societatis Jesu mathematico opus postumum." Below are all six plates, showing the explanatory text and tables on the sides of the star maps in Latin and French. First the two polar or "top and bottom" plates:
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Then the four middle latitude or "side" plates in the order they are joined:
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The Linda Hall Library of Science, Engineering and Technology in Kansas City, Missouri, has a notable collection of Pardies' atlases and plates and commented on his work in one of their exhibition catalogs: "Pardies' star atlas is stylistically one of the most attractive ever published. Pardies took his constellation figures primarily from Bayer's Uranometria, but since each chart covers a large section of the sky, these figures had to be carefully integrated, which was not an easy task. Pardies' engraver accomplished this task with great success.... The plate [which] shows Hercules, Ophiuchus, Scorpius, Sagittarius, Aquila, and Lyra...is one of the most stunning compositions in the history of celestial cartography." Below is that Plate 5:
The six Pardies plates can be trimmed and laid out as the six sides of a cube:
When the six sides are joined as a cube, they look like this (Plates 1, 2, and 5 visible):
Rotating the cube (Plates 1, 4, and 3 visible):
Instead of visualizing the map plates as a cube, we can still keep the gnomonic projection but show it differently in GIS, here centered on Plate 5, but showing the parts of the four plates that adjoin Plate 5 (the gnomonic projection in GIS limits our view to about 130 degrees to avoid extreme distortion at the edges):
All six plates in the same gnomonic projection in GIS:
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In GIS, the same plates can be reprojected in orthographic projection, which allows us to see a full 180 degrees around each plate. Below is polar Plate 1 and its four adjoining plates in orthographic projection:
All six plates in the orthographic projection in GIS:
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For a novel projection, we can use the Berghaus star projection, here centered on the North Pole. This projection allows us to see five full plates (Plates 1-5) in one projected map:
And here centered on the South Pole (Plates 2-6):
We have used the geographic projection in order to put the plates in Google Earth. This projection distorts the northern and southern parts of the sky but allows us to see the entire group of six plates in one map:
When the geographic projection map of the six plates is placed in Google Earth, it loses any distortions and gives us a complete joined view of Pardies map of the Heavens. View in Google Earth browser below (requires plug-in, turn off Borders) or in the Google Earth application (New Maps section, Celestial Globe 1693, turn off Atmosphere in View).
We can turn the Google Earth globe view inside out and float it 64 million meters outside the earth so that the Pardies star maps appear as we would see them in the sky. We use a mirror image of the geographic projection so that all the positions and labels of the stars and constellations are correct (rotate the earth in order to move through the sky). View in Google Earth browser below (requires plug-in) or in the Google Earth application (New Maps section, Celestial Sphere 1693, turn off Atmosphere in View).
Below is a short video of moving through the six joined Pardies plates as a globe in Google Earth:
And another video of moving through the six joined Pardies plates 64 million meters outside of the earth, much as they would be seen in the sky by earth-bound viewers:
Unfortunately, Pardies did not live to see his amazing star maps published - he died in 1673 and the first edition of his atlas of six plates was published posthumously in 1674. A second edition was published in 1693 (our copy shown here), and a third edition in 1700. But the usefulness of his work continued long after his death and his star maps took on a life of their own. Deborah Warner ("The Sky Explored") states: "The published reports of their observations indicate that Jesuit astronomers throughout the world relied heavily on Pardies' maps for obtaining coordinates of both old stars and newly discovered ones. Furthermore, while using the maps they improved them by adding new stars and correcting the positions of old ones; many of these revisions were incorporated into the second edition. Pardies' maps served as a model for the gnomonic maps of Jonas Moore, Doppelmeyer, Kordenbusch, and, in the nineteenth century, the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, and for Grimaldi's maps of the Chinese constellations."
We can appreciate and admire Pardies genius today, over 300 years later, because a few copies of his work still survive. Putting images of them online now allows many more people to enjoy his unique mapping of the Heavens long ago.
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News
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July 10, 2012
- News
- July 10, 2012
Stanford Gives Howell Award to David Rumsey
On May 18, 2012, David Rumsey received the Warren R. Howell Award from the Stanford University Libraries in recognition of his service to Stanford. Fine press printer Peter Koch designed a commemorative booklet for the occasion:












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Recent Additions
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June 25, 2012
- Recent Additions
- June 25, 2012
June 24, 2012 - 1,828 New Maps Added
1,828 new maps and images have been added to the David Rumsey Map Collection, bringing the online collection to 32,413 maps and images. Included in this addition are early Yosemite guide books; the Allgemeiner Schulatlas, 1825, a remarkable German school atlas; 216 Maps and Images from Pocket Maps, 1825 - 1920; 12 U.S. County Atlases, 1864 - 1890; The Times Atlas of the World Mid-Century Edition, 1959; Atlas of the United States Printed for the Use of the Blind, 1837; 30 U.S. Civil War maps from Histoire de la Guerre Civile en Amerique, 1883; Adams' Synchronological Chart of Universal History, 1881; and 140 Separate, Broadside, Real Estate, and Manuscript Maps, 1776 - 1944. All titles may be found by clicking on the View links or images below. Or click here to view all 1,826 new maps and images.
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Maps and Photographs from the Yosemite Guide Books, 1868 - 1874 |
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Allgemeiner Schulatlas, 1825 |
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216 Maps and Images from Pocket Maps, 1825 - 1920 |
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12 U.S. County Atlases, 1864 - 1890 |
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The Times Atlas of the World. Mid-Century Edition, 1959 |
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Atlas of the United States Printed for the Use of the Blind, 1837 |
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Maps of U.S. States and Territories, 1876 - 1944 |
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The Peoples' Pictorial Atlas. Being A Complete And Popular Account Of All The Countries Of The World, In Their Geographical, Statistical, Topographical And Commercial Aspects, 1873 |
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A General Atlas, Containing Maps illustrating some important periods in Ancient History; and distinct Maps of the several Empires, Kingdoms and States In The World, From Original Drawings according to the latest Treaties, 1824 |
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A New Universal Atlas Containing Maps of the various Empires, Kingdoms, States and Republics Of The World. With a special map of each of the United States, Plans of Cities &c. Comprehended in seventy five sheets and forming a series of One Hundred And Twenty Two Maps, Plans And Sections, 1853 |
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(Six Ethnographic Maps to Accompany the Natural History of Man). Second Edition, 1867 |
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Mitchell's New Atlas Of The United States And Territories, Together With Plans Of The Principal Cities. Designed To Accompany And Illustrate The Centennial Gazetteer Of The United States, 1874 |
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(Atlas volume only to accompany the) Histoire de la Guerre Civile en Amerique par M. Le Comte de Paris, Ancien Aide de Camp du General Mac Clellan, 1883 |
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Adams' Synchronological Chart of Universal History. Through the Eye to the Mind. A Chronological chart of Ancient, Modern and Biblical History, Synchronized by Sebastian C. Adams. Third Edition and Twelfth-Thousand carefully and critically revised and brought down to 1878, (1881) |
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Uebersichts-Karte der Eisenbahnen Deutschlands bearbeitet im Reichs-Eisenbahn-Amt. 1893 This map relates to our Karte des Deutschen Reiches, 1893 |
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140 Separate, Broadside, Real Estate, and Manuscript Maps, 1776 - 1944 |
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Featured Maps
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May 21, 2012
- Featured Maps
- May 21, 2012
Atlas for The Blind 1837
The Atlas of the United States Printed for the Use of the Blind was published in 1837 for children at the New England Institute for the Education of the Blind in Boston. Without a drop of ink in the book, the text and maps in this extraordinary atlas were embossed heavy paper with letters, lines, and symbols. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first atlas produced for the blind to read without the assistance of a sighted person. Braille was invented by 1825, but was not widely used until later. It represented letters well, but could not represent shapes and cartographic features. Samuel Gridley Howe (1801-1876) was the founder and president of the New England Institute (later known as the Perkins Institute) and produced the atlas with the assistance of John C. Cray and Samuel P. Ruggles. Howe was the husband of Julia Ward Howe, the American abolitionist and author of the U.S. Civil War song "The Battle Hymn of the Republic." He was a champion of people with disabilities and believed that blind youth could be taught geography through maps created with his special paper embossing process. In his introduction to the atlas Howe notes that crude attempts had been made to create maps for the blind, but they used primitive methods of creating relief and required the assistance of a sighted person. He claimed that his new embossing method was superior in all respects. Today, it is difficult to know how successful the atlas was, although there can be little doubt that these maps helped Howe's blind students visualize geography. We do know that 50 copies were made and five survive today, including this one. The atlas includes 24 state maps with a page of text describing each state and the symbols used on the maps. In our scans, we have lit the maps and text pages from one side to create shadows that reveal the embossing.
Below is the first map in the atlas, of Maine, with dotted lines showing the border with Canada and New Hampshire. Numbers and letters indicate towns, rivers and lakes, and numbers 6 through 9 and 44 through 47 show longitude from Washington D.C. and latitude. The map shows a scale of 50 miles. All of this and more is explained in the text page for Maine.
The text page titled "map of maine, explanation" that follows the Maine map:
This enlarged view of the Vermont map shows the various symbols used as well as the impressions of the underlying blocks used in the embossing method. Mountains are shown as a series of short lines in this detail of the Green Mountains:
The map of Florida:
The map of Michigan:
This enlargement of the map of the District of Columbia shows Washington (w.city), Georgetown (g), and Alexandria (a) as well as the President's house (p) and the Capital (c).
The title page to the atlas:
The first page of the introduction to the atlas, explaining the plan:
The second page of the introduction to the atlas:
The covers of the atlas:
Even the title label on the spine of the atlas covers is raised and embossed saying "Atlas of The United States":
Howe wrote about the success of his method of raised relief to teach geography to blind children: "They soon understood that sheets of stiff pasteboard, marked by certain crooked lines, represented the boundaries of countries; rough raised dots represented mountains; pin heads sticking out here and there, showed the locations of towns; or, on a smaller scale, the boundaries of their own town, the location of the meeting-house, of their own and of the neighboring houses, and the like; and they were delighted and eager to go on with tireless curiosity. And they did go on until they matured in years, and became themselves teachers, first in our school, afterwards in a private school opened by themselves in their own town."
Eventually Braille proved more effective than Howe's method of embossed letters, but his maps remain today as wonderful examples of teaching the basic elements of geography and spatial relationships to blind students, enabling them to create the idea of maps as visualizations in their memories. And the Perkins Institute he led continues to teach blind students today, comprising a long and successful record of blind education, including the teaching of Helen Keller.
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Featured Maps
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March 29, 2012
- Featured Maps
- March 29, 2012
Timeline Maps
Mapping time has long been an interest of cartographers. Visualizing historical events in a timeline or chart or diagram is an effective way to show the rise and fall of empires and states, religious history, and important human and natural occurrences. We have over 100 examples in the Rumsey Map Collection, ranging in date from 1770 to 1967. We highlight a few below.
Sebastian Adams' 1881 Synchronological Chart of Universal History is 23 feet long and shows 5,885 years of history, from 4004 B.C. to 1881 A.D. It is the longest timeline we have seen. The recently published Cartographies of Time calls it "nineteenth-century America's surpassing achievement in complexity and synthetic power." In the key to the map, Adams states that timeline maps enable learning and comprehension "through the eye to the mind."
Below is a close up detail of a very small part of the chart: (click on the title or the image to open up the full chart)
Another detail covering a larger area with the chart turned sideways:
Eugene Pick published the Tableau de L'Histoire Universelle in 1858 in two sheets, one for the Eastern Hemisphere (shown here) and one for the Western Hemisphere. The chart shows history from 4004 B.C. to 1856. Like many timelines in this style, it is based on the 1804 Strom der Zeiten (Stream of Time) by Friedrich Strass of Austria. Part of Pick's chart is shown below:
Close up detail of Pick's chart:
Another timeline chart based on the Strass chart was Joseph Colton's 1842 Chart of Universal History. This is one of the earliest examples we have seen of the complete Strauss model published in the United States (though earlier partial versions or derivations of the form appeared in the U.S.) The explanation at the bottom of the chart states "Each Nation is represented by a stream which is broken in upon or flows on undisturbed as it is influenced by the accession of Territory or the remaining at Peace."
Detail of Colton's chart:
Emma Willard's 1836 "Picture of nations or perspective sketch of the course of empire" uses innovative perspective to add a time dimension to her chart which is otherwise similar to the Strass-Colton-Pick models. It appears in her "Atlas to Accompany a System of Universal History."
Willard timeline detail:
Emma Willard uses another form of timeline in her 1824 "Progress Of The Roman Empire, Illustrated By The course Of The River Amazon." Here she shows the actual course of the Amazon as a timeline showing the history of the Roman Empire. The chart appeared in her 1824 "Ancient Geography, As Connected With Chronology, And Preparatory to the Study of Ancient History."
Rand McNally published amateur historian John B. Spark's "The Histomap. Four Thousand Years Of World History" in 1931. This popular chart went through many editions. On the cover, Sparks states: "Clear, vivid and shorn of elaboration, Histomap holds you enthralled as you follow the curves of power down time's endless course. Here is the actual picture of the march of civilization from the mud huts of the ancients thru the monarchistic glamour of the middle ages to the living panorama of life in present day America."
Francis Walker's 1874 "Statistical Atlas of the United States" contains many maps and diagrams that show data from the 1870 U.S. Census arrayed in timelines. The chart below, with the title "Fiscal chart of the United States showing the course of the public debt by years 1789 to 1870 together with the proportion of the total receipts from each principal source of revenue and the proportion of total expenditures for each principal department of the public service," shows 80 years of financial data arranged by time:
In 1878 O.W. Gray published "Chart Exhibiting the Relative Rank of the States for Nine Decades (1790-1870)." This is another kind of timeline that shows changing rank relationships between the U.S. states over time:
The chart below appeared in Henry Gannett's "Statistical atlas of the United States, based upon results of the Eleventh Census (1890)." Titled "Growth of the elements of the population: 1790 to 1890. (with) Proportion of aliens to foreign born males 21 years of age and over 1890," it is based on the Eleventh Census (1890) of the United States. It combines perspective, three dimensional views, map and timeline together.
The "Chronological Chart of North American History" appeared in Colton and Fisher's "Illustrated Cabinet Atlas and Descriptive Geography" of 1859. The chart uses color coding to arrange important historical events by time and geography.
Edward Quin published "An Historical Atlas; In a Series of Maps of the World as Known at Different Periods" in 1830. Rather than a strict timeline, Quin creates an entirely unique kind of time map series by using 21 maps that show progressively receding cloud borders to indicate the expansion of geographical knowledge over time. Below are 4 of the 21 maps.
The first map in the series is B.C. 2348. The Deluge:
The third is B.C. 753. The Foundation Of Rome:
The eighth is A.D. 1. The Roman Empire In The Augustan Age:
And the sixteenth is A.D. 1498. The Discovery Of America:
These two time diagrams show time in several locations relative to the time of noon at Washington, D.C. A.J. Johnson published the diagram below with the title "A Diagram Exhibiting the difference of time between the places shown & Washington." It appeared as the last page in his "New Illustrated (Steel Plate) Family Atlas" of 1860.
Mitchell's "A time table indicating the difference in time between the principal cities of the World and also showing their air-line distance from Washington" is similar with a slight change in style.
Finally, Herbert Bayer's amazing chart below, the "Succession of Life and Geological Time Table" extends the timeline from the birth of the earth to the appearance of man - tying geologic history and the evolution of life together in one chart. It appeared in his "World Geo-Graphic Atlas" of 1953.
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Recent Additions
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March 14, 2012
- Recent Additions
- March 14, 2012
March 13, 2012 - 1,596 New Maps Added
1,596 new maps and images have been added to the David Rumsey Map Collection, bringing the online collection to 30,599 maps and images. Included in this addition is Bowles' 1733 Geography Epitomiz'd, an early example of information visualization; Abraham Bradley's 1805 Post Road Map of the United States; Aaron Arrowsmith's General Atlas of 1817; a group of U.S. Mexican War broadsides and maps; Mitchell's 1855 Universal Atlas; a group of 214 individual maps, charts, broadsides, ephemera, and manuscript maps, several of which are listed separately below; Sonnenschein and Allen's 1880 3D Royal Relief Atlas; Erwin Raisz' 1944 Atlas of Global Geography and 1964 Atlas of Florida; and Richard Harrison's important 1944 Fortune Atlas for World Strategy. All titles may be found by clicking on the View links or images below. Or click here to view all 1,596 new maps and images.
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Geography Epitomiz'd. Of The Stars And Planets. Of The Sun And Moon. Of the Air and Meteors. The Terms of Geography Explain'd., 1733 |
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Map of the United States, Exhibiting the Post-Roads, the situations, connexions and distances of the Post-Offices, Stage Roads, Counties & Principal Rivers, 1805 |
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A New Juvenile Atlas, And Familiar Introduction To The Use Of Maps: With A Comprehensive View Of The Present State Of The Earth, 1814 |
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Eight manuscript maps: New York, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Delaware, Vermont, View of the Country ‘Round Pittsburg, View of the Country ‘Round Zanesville, East End of Lake Ontario, 1816 |
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A General Atlas, Being A Collection Of Maps Of The World And Quarters, Their Principal Empires, Kingdoms, &c. Containing Fifty Eight Maps And Charts, 1816 |
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A New General Atlas, Constructed from the latest Authorities, By A. Arrowsmith, Hydrographer to the Prince Regent, Exhibiting The Boundaries And Divisions, Also The Chains of Mountains and other Geographical Features Of All The Known Countries In The World, 1817 |
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Ancient Geography, As Connected With Chronology, And Preparatory to the Study of Ancient History By Emma Willard (with) A System of Universal Geography, On The Principles of Comparison and Classification; By William Channing Woodbridge ... Illustrated With Maps and Engravings; And Accompanied by an Atlas, 1824 |
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Twelve Broadsides and Maps Illustrating The U.S. Mexican War, 1846 to 1855 |
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A New Map Of California, 1852 |
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A New Universal Atlas Containing Maps of the various Empires, Kingdoms, States and Republics Of The World. With a special map of each of the United States, Plans of Cities &c. Comprehended in seventy five sheets and forming a series of One Hundred And Twenty Nine Maps, Plans And Sections, 1855 |
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Thirty Maritime Charts, 1800 to 1907 |
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Thirty Seven Maps to Accompany the Reports of the General Land Office, 1951 to 1876 |
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Ten United States County Atlases, 1862 to 1885 |
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Two Editions of Johnson's New Illustrated (Steel Plate) Family Atlas, With Physical Geography, And With Descriptions Geographical, Statistical, And Historical, 1864 and 1870 |
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Illustrated Atlas Of The City Of Richmond, Va., 1876 |
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Royal Relief Atlas of All Parts of the World. Consisting of 31 Maps, With Physical, Political, and Statistical Descriptions facing each Map, 1880 |
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Department of the Interior, Census Office. Sixteen Maps Accompanying Report On Forest Trees Of North America, 1884 |
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Atlas of Global Geography. 1944 |
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Look At The World: The Fortune Atlas For World Strategy, 1944 |
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Atlas of Florida, 1964 |
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Related Sites
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March 5, 2012
- Related Sites
- March 5, 2012
Old Maps Online - Historical Maps Search Portal
Old Maps Online www.oldmapsonline.org is a search portal for historical maps from five different map libraries in Europe and the United States. The David Rumsey Map Collection is a participating library. The search interface is similar to the MapRank search that is used on the Rumsey site. As of March 1, 2012, about 60,000 historical maps are in the search portal. It is expected that the number of participating libraries will increase over the coming year, along with the number of maps in the portal. Below is the opening screen of the search portal:
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Recent Additions
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December 22, 2011
- Recent Additions
- December 22, 2011
December 21, 2011 - 1,163 New Maps Added
1,163 new maps and images have been added to the David Rumsey Map Collection, bringing the online collection to 29,004 maps and images. Included in this addition is Emma Willard's 1829 History of the United States, one of the first historical school atlases published in the United States; all the illustrations, maps, and plates from the 1861 Ives Expedition up the Colorado River; the 1873 Beers Atlas of Long Island, New York; a fascinating Hieroglyphic Atlas of the U.S.; images and plates from the Macomb 1859 Exploring Expedition in the U.S. West; and a scarce 1878 Atlas of Marion and Lynn Counties, Oregon. Also the 1880 Atlas of Prince Edward Island, Canada; the final composite and remaining maps of the Karte des Deutschen Reiches 1893 series; the complete Composite Image and all 164 aerial photographs of San Francisco in 1938 (View Composite Image or Index in Google Earth Browser); and Herbert Bayer's important World Atlas from 1953. All titles may be found by clicking on the View links or images below. Or click here to view all 1,163 new maps and images.
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A Series of Maps to Willard's History of the United States, 1829 |
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Report Upon The Colorado River of the West, Explored in 1857 and 1858, 1861 |
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Atlas Of Long Island, New York, 1873 |
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A Hieroglyphic Geography Of The United States. Part 1 Containing The States Of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut And New York, 1875 |
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Composite Image and Sheets 502 to 674, Karte des Deutschen Reiches, 1893 (various dates, 1880 to 1910) |
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Report of the Exploring Expedition From Santa Fe, New Mexico, To The Junction of the Grand and Green Rivers of the Great Colorado of the West, In 1859, Published in 1876 |
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Historical Atlas Map Of Marion & Linn Counties Oregon, 1878 |
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Illustrated Historical Atlas Of The Province Of Prince Edward Island, 1880 |
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Arbuckles' Illustrated Atlas of Fifty Principal Nations of The World. 1890 |
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Composite Image and Sheets 1 to 164, San Francisco Aerial Views, 1938 |
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The "Chevalier" Commercial, Pictorial and Tourist Map of San Francisco From Latest U.S. Gov. and Official Surveys, 1915 |
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World Geo-graphic Atlas, A Composite of Man's Environment. Geography, Geology, Demography, Astronomy, Climatology, Economics, 1953 |
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Featured Maps
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October 24, 2011
- Featured Maps
- October 24, 2011
San Francisco Aerial Photographs 1938
We have put online a set of 164 large format, sharp, black and white vertical aerial photographs of San Francisco taken in 1938 from an airplane by Harrison Ryker, a pioneer in aerial photography. The photographs overlap each other and cover the entire city. The resolution is generally better than one foot or even higher with high contrast features allowing visibility of even the paint striping on a basketball court. Relative heights are frequently discernible based on the shadows cast of objects and structures. A handwritten date on the index map indicates the photographs were taken in August, 1938. The photographs are owned by the San Francisco Public Library and are a continuation of our collaboration with them on scanning and putting online important historical maps and views of San Francisco (including our prior collaboration on the 1905 San Francisco Sanborn Insurance Atlas).
Image number 18 of the set shows the active waterfront around the Ferry Building at the foot of Market Street:
Enlarging the image to the area around the Ferry Building shows the high level of detail that can be seen:
Zooming to full resolution of the same scene shows cars and ships at the plaza next to the Ferry Building:
The adjoining image 17, to the south, shows activity of ships being unloaded to trains on the waterfront under the recently opened (November, 1936) San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge:
A closer in detail of the same image shows cars on the Bay Bridge above the ships at the docks:
The Mission Bay Roundhouse (demolished early 1960's) of the Southern Pacific rail yards at Mariposa and 3rd streets is clearly visible on image 14:
In the San Francisco neighborhoods, all kinds of interesting details show up, like the vast outer Sunset sand dunes along Sunset Boulevard on image 148:
Image 85 shows the Calvary and Laurel Hill Cemeteries, later moved to Colma:
Crissy Army Airfield and the Presidio Main Post are seen in image 101:
Parts of the Presidio and other military sites in the city are whited out or blacked out, presumably because they show sensitive military installations, like this area of the Presidio near Baker Beach in image 129:
The index map shows how all the images overlap each other in covering the city, using hand drawn numbered rectangles on top of a 1937 map of San Francisco:
We have created a composite image of all 164 images joined together and georeferenced:
The georeferenced composite images are in Google Earth (requires plugin) below:
We also have an index layer in Google Earth for the same images that shows the overlap as well as identifying each image:
On mousing over any red image outline, the image number shows and reveals a pop up that allows downloading of the original image or the georeferenced image or the large composite image:
The georeferenced composite image and index can be viewed in either the Google Earth Browser (requires plugin) or in the Google Earth desktop application (Composite, Index to Composite, opens in Places/Temporary Places). Or you can view them along with all the 300 plus Rumsey historical maps in Google Earth by downloading this link (opens in Places/Temporary Places, see the New Maps folder).
The overlay of the 1938 images on current satellite images in Google Earth allows for interesting time comparisons, as in this view of the Southern Pacific Mission Bay Roundhouse on image 14, seen blending into the current satellite image of the same area today showing construction of the Mission Bay campus of the University of California, San Francisco:
The person who created the 164 aerial views of San Francisco in 1938 was Harrison Ryker of Oakland, California:

Research by Dan Holmes, Librarian of the Rumsey Map Collection, uncovered the following information on Ryker. Harrison C. Ryker (1898-1981) was born in Oakdale, California. He married Charlotte Seward in the mid-1920s; after divorcing, he married Esther Miriam Munson in 1936. He served in the U.S. Army for several years in Germany with the post-World War I occupational forces, and partook of educational opportunities at the University of California, Berkeley. Expanding on his hobby in photography, Mr. Ryker teamed with various pilots beginning aerial photography services out of the Oakland Airport and throughout the West. Colleagues included Lage Wernstedt of the U.S. Forest Service. He also worked with the Fairchild Aerial Camera Company (including an aerial survey of Puerto Rico) and Clyde Sunderland of Pacific Aerial Surveys. As well, he took photographs of the devastating 1923 Berkeley Fire, archived in The Bancroft Library. By 1938 Mr. Ryker was listed in business as a map publisher (see Polk’s Oakland 1938 Street and Avenue Guide) based at 1924 Franklin St., Oakland. At that time, he had at least one patent pending for a stereoscope used for aerial photograph interpretation. Shortly after 1938 Ryker established his company address as Harrison C. Ryker, Inc., at 1000 Ashby Avenue, Berkeley, California (relocating to east Oakland in the 1950s). He subsequently manufactured pocket and desktop stereoscopes and a vertical Sketchmaster, instruments that were extensively used by educational institutions and the military, especially during World War II. An example of his stereoscope viewers was the M-11:

Ryker's experience in aerial photography led to further involvement in photo interpretation and cartography. An article in the journal The Timberman (1933) describes means of distinguishing individual species of forest trees on aerial photos; later applications were terrain analysis for petroleum geology and unmasking of ground camouflage during wartime. His largest product was the Wernstedt Mahan map plotter, patented in 1954, which was a standard cartographic device for its time. His instruments are in use today in libraries, air photo collections, and earth sciences departments throughout America; they are in the instrument collections of the Archives of the History of American Psychology, and the Institute of Geographical Exploration at Harvard University has the Ryker M-11 Reflecting Stereoscope. Among his patents were (1) the adjustable pocket stereoscope filed with the United States Patent Office, patented December 1940, Patent No. 2,225,602; and (2) the stereoscope filed with the United States Patent Office, filed September 1, 1937, Serial No. 161,973, patented January 21, 1941, Patent No. 2,229,309. Harrison Ryker pioneered research in aerial photo interpretation. His work has been noted by A. Everett Wieslander, an early (1930s – 1950s) leader in the mapping of California vegetation and soils, in his Oral History produced by The Bancroft Library, and in a letter by Robert Colwell, Forestry Professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Some of our information regarding Harrison Ryker is from personal communications with Ryker's son, Harrison Clinton Ryker, a musicologist from Bellevue, Washington.
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Featured Maps
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July 12, 2011
- Featured Maps
- July 12, 2011
First Atlas of Russia, Published in 1745
The first Atlas of Russia from 1745 has been added to the online collection. It was published by the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, Russia, expanding on the cartographic work done previously by Russian cartographer Ivan K. Kirilov. Joseph Nicolas de L'Isle, the great French astronomer, was invited by the Academy of Sciences in 1726 to come to St. Petersburg to oversee the production of the atlas, although his role and contributions to the atlas are disputed by historians. The atlas maps present the first complete national survey of the entire country at uniform scales for European and Asiatic Russia. Alexei Postnikov, author of "Russia in Maps," says this atlas "brings together all the geographical discoveries of the early 18th century to give a fuller picture of the entire Empire than shown in the so-called Kirilov atlas. The maps were mostly based on instrumental surveys, geographical descriptions and maps compiled by the Petrine geologists and their successors." Normally the atlas includes 20 maps; this copy is special in adding an additional 17 maps and 2 text pages, including plans of St. Petersburg and Moscow (similar to a copies at the Library of Congress, Phillips 4060 and Phillips 3109). The maps have titles in German and Latin; place names are in Russian and Latin alphabet. The text of cartouches is in Latin. The atlas was also issued with French and Russian title pages and text, with the title Atlas Russicus and Atlas Rossiiskoi. This copy contains 7 pages of text with descriptions of the maps and explanations of geographical names and symbols used in German, Russian, French and Latin, a general map of the Russian empire, 13 maps of European Russia at a uniform scale of 1:1,470,000 (35 versts to one inch, 1 verst equals 3,500 feet), and 6 maps of Siberia at a uniform scale of 1:3,444,000 (82 versts to one inch). Bound in at end of the atlas are 19 additional text and maps of Russian territories, plans from the Russo-Turkish war of 1736, engravings of military fortifications, maps of Ladoga Lake, environs of St. Petersburg, Kronstadt and the Gulf of Finland. Maps are colored in outline, with some maps in full color. We have added 2 composite images of all 13 maps of European Russia and all 6 maps of Siberia. The atlas was printed in September 1745 in St. Petersburg. View the atlas.
The general map of the Russian Empire extends from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean at a scale of 1: 9,030,000:
Each of the 13 maps of European Russia are drawn at a scale of 1:1,470,00 or 35 versts to the inch. Many have decorative cartouches:
This map shows a long portion of the Volga River:
The 6 maps of Asiatic Russia (Siberia) are at a scale of 1: 3,444,000 or 82 versts to the inch:
A Legend (in German) on the last page of text describes the various symbols used on the maps:
This atlas is unusual in having an additional 17 maps and 2 indexes added to the 20 maps that usually comprise the atlas. Among the 17 extra maps is a plan of St. Petersburg from 1737:
Also included is a map showing the Gulf of Finland between St. Petersburg and the island of Cronstad, and the outlet of the Neva River in St. Petersburg, 1741:
And a plan of Moscow from 1739:
A map of the Caspian Sea from 1728:
We have created 2 composite images, 1 of the 13 maps of European Russia and 1 of the 6 maps of Asiatic Russia or Siberia. Here is the composite image of the European Russia Maps:
And here is the composite image of the Siberian maps:
4 languages are used in the atlas: Russian, German, Latin and French (although French is used primarily in the map cartouches and notes). The atlas title page and text pages were printed in 3 versions: Russian, French/Latin, and German. The title page and 6 pages of text describing the maps and Russian geographical terms in this copy are the German version:
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The index page for the map of Moscow is in Russian:
The text page describing the some of the Turkish Russian War battles is in Latin, Russian, and German:
Considering the vastness of the Russian Empire, this atlas was a remarkable achievement. While not accurate by today's standards, at the time it was a significant improvement in cartographic representation of the country, and it was certainly then the largest part of the globe mapped systematically at a uniform scale, using the best science of the day.
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Videos
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July 12, 2011
- Videos
- July 12, 2011
Reading Historical Maps Digitally: How Spatial Technologies Can Enable Close, Distant and Dynamic Interpretations
David Rumsey gave the opening keynote lecture for the Digital Humanities 2011 Conference at Stanford University on June 19, 2011.
Abstract of the talk: Maps are dense, complex information systems arranged spatially. While they share similarities with other visual artifacts, their uniqueness as spatially arranged visual information both allows for and demands special digital approaches to understand and reuse their content. Georeferencing, vectorization, virtual reality, image databases, and GIS-related tools all work to unite our eyes, minds, and computers in new ways that can make historical maps more valuable and accessible to humanists concerned with place and space over time. Rumsey will explore the tools and techniques that have implications for the ways digital humanists approach visual information.
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Featured Maps
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June 27, 2011
- Featured Maps
- June 27, 2011
Pre-Earthquake San Francisco 1905 Sanborn Insurance Atlas
A rare 6 volume 1905 San Francisco Sanborn Insurance Atlas showing the city as it was just months before the great earthquake and fire of 1906 has been added to the map site in collaboration with the San Francisco Public Library which owns the atlas and keeps it in its San Francisco History Center at the main library branch. The atlas was published in 1899/1900 and was updated manually several times by the publisher, the Sanborn-Perris Map Company of New York, with the last updates done in the fall of 1905. The 6 atlas volumes show the city in great detail, with building shape, height, construction materials, and many other details typical of fire insurance atlases of the period. Apparently the volumes were never updated after the earthquake and fire (except for a few small 1908 updates) because the atlas was damaged in the fire with some loss to the edges (as can be seen from the map images).
Update: a wonderful index and map placement tool for these maps is available at Maptcha.org
Index Map for Volume 1:
An example of the pages: Volume 1, Pages 5-6, blocks bounded by California, Washington, Davis, East and Market Streets:
Detail of Pages 5-6, one block bounded by California, Sacramento, Davis, and Drumm Streets:
The Key explaining all the map symbols:
Index Map for Volume 2:
Index Map for Volume 3:
Index Map for Volume 4:
Index Map for Volume 5:
Index Map for Volume 6:
Many of the downtown blocks in this atlas can also be seen as street front drawings in the 1895 Illustrated Directory of San Francisco.
We are grateful to City Archivist Susan Goldstein of the San Francisco History Center, Book Arts and Special Collections, San Francisco Public Library for suggesting this project to us and making the volumes available for scanning and uploading to our online collection. We hope to collaborate on more projects with Susan and the San Francisco Public Library.
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Recent Additions
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June 27, 2011
- Recent Additions
- June 27, 2011
June 26, 2011 - 1,676 New Maps Added
1,676 new maps and images have been added to the David Rumsey Map Collection, bringing the online collection to 27,800 maps and images. Included in this addition are 666 images of Pocket Maps, a rare edition of Sanborn's 1905 Atlas of San Francisco from the S.F. Public Library which shows the city just before the earthquake and fire of 1906 - the atlas pages show burns from the fire. Also the 1889 Cram Standard American Atlas and the 1901 Cram American Railway Atlas. 325 more images from the Karte des Deutschen Reiches are added and the large composite image is increased to 501 maps (the next update will finish it at 674 maps). All titles may be found by clicking on the View links or images below. Or click here to view all 1,676 new maps and images.
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Pocket Maps, various dates 1824 to 1962 |
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Official Map of Chinatown in San Francisco, 1885 |
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Cram's Standard American Atlas Of The World, 1889 |
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Composite Image, Sheets 1 to 501, Karte des Deutschen Reiches, 1893 (various dates, 1880 to 1910) |
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Cram's Standard American Railway System Atlas Of The World, 1901 |
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Insurance Maps of San Francisco, 1905 |
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Golden Gate International Exposition (1939 World's Fair). Treasure Island. San Francisco, Calif. |
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News
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June 7, 2011
- News
- June 7, 2011
New Geographical Search by MapRank Viewer
The new MapRank Search viewer enables geographical searching of the collection by map location and coverage, in a Google Map window. Pan and zoom the Google Map to the area of the world you want maps of, and the results will automatically appear as a scrollable list of maps with thumbnail images in the right side results window. The maps in the right side results list are ranked by coverage, with the maps that have coverage closest to your search window listed at the top. Maps lower in the list show the area of interest, but with coverage that does not match as closely. Mousing over any map in the list will show the map's coverage as a light red rectangle on top of the Google Map. Clicking on a map in the list will open it in the Luna Browser. You can filter your results with the When timeline, the What or Who keyword text window, and the Map scale windows, as well as search by place name in the Find a place window. Currently about 12,000 online maps are searchable with MapRank search; soon all the 27,000 online maps will be included. Launch MapRank Search.
Below is the MapRank Search viewer zoomed in to find maps of San Francisco, with the 1904 "San Francisco Intensity of Earthquake" map highlighted in red in the results list and with the area covered by the earthquake map shown in light red on the Google Map:
Clicking on the thumbnail or title of a map in the list opens it in the Luna Browser with a zoomable image and description:
Zooming out in the Google Map selection window instantly changes the search results to find maps with similar coverage, here the San Francisco Bay Area and Central California:
Zooming out further in the Google Map window changes the map results again to maps of California:
Here the Google Map is set to find maps of the American West:
Zooming out and panning east finds maps of the entire United States:
Zooming out again finds maps of North and South America:
Finally, zooming out to the full extent in the Google Map window finds maps of the entire World:
The WHEN time range line allows changing the dates of the results, here from 1690 to 1795 for the same set of World maps:
The Map scale boxes are used to limit the range of scales of the search, here set at 1:2,500 to 1:2.5 mil. This setting will show maps with smaller coverages that fall within the Google Map at the top of the list:
The Find a place box is used here to zoom the Google Map to find maps of Paris, France:
The WHAT or WHO box is used to further limit results to maps of Paris by Guillaume De Lisle:
Zooming out to show all of France finds maps by De Lisle of French provinces, still limited by time and scale:
Finally, keeping the same limits but panning the map to Italy finds maps of Italy by De Lisle with the same time and scale constraints:
This new MapRank search interface allows geographical and spatial searching of the map collection in a dynamic and fluid way. It will provide an entirely new experience of exploring our online map library, using a map to search the collection instead of relying on textual terms alone.
While the new search interface is largely complete, please let us know if you find any errors or problems. The bounding coordinates for the maps are correct in almost all cases, but there may be some maps with incorrect coordinate (coverage) data - please let us know if you find any and we will correct them. The MapRank search interface and program has been developed by Petr Pridal of Klokan Technologies.
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Featured Maps
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April 10, 2011
- Featured Maps
- April 10, 2011
Karte des Deutschen Reiches 1893 (Map of the German Empire)
The Karte des Deutschen Reiches 1893 consists of 674 sheets at a scale of 1:100,000. All sheets join together to make a huge, highly detailed and historically significant map of about 1,155 cm x 980 cm (38 ft x 32 ft), covering all of present day Germany and much of present day Poland. The maps show the landscape as it was at the end of the 19th century. We have completed the process of scanning all the sheets individually as well as making a very large digital composite image of all 674 sheets joined. We have put sheets 1 to 674 online and made a composite image of sheets 1 to 674. The composite image is also placed in Google Earth (requires plug-in)(the georeferenced composite image and any of its parts may be downloaded through the Google Earth Index Map), allowing comparison of the historical map with current satellite imagery and other information layers. We completed the project on October 1, 2011. The publication dates of the sheets vary, generally from about 1800 to 1900. For the whole series we use an average date of 1893.
After German unification in 1871, in an agreement dated March 4, 1878, the states of Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria, and Wurttemberg (the areas of modern day Germany, Luxembourg, Poland, and Kaliningrad, and part of Lithuania) agreed to map their areas on a 1:100,000 scale in a common topographic grid survey consisting of 674 sheets. Each sheet covers about 30 minutes in longitude and 15 minutes in latitude. One centimeter on a map is equivalent to 1 kilometer on the ground. Average sheet size is about 35 cm x 28 cm. Each sheet covers about 1000 square kilometers and was engraved on copper. A polyhedral projection was used. Prime meridian was Ferro, later switched to Greenwich.
The series is known as the KDR-100 (German General Staff map) and was surveyed beginning in 1878, although many sheets were simply drawn from pre-existing military maps, often of larger (more detailed) scale. This map series is remarkable for the level of fine detail. As a consequence, it was scanned at 800 PPI providing four times the resolution of the typical detailed map scan of 400 PPI.
Below is a detail of part of Sheet 269, Berlin, 1893: (clicking on any of the images below will open them)
Here is part of the same sheet at 800% magnification:
The dates of the maps are estimated based on the apparent library acquisition date, frequently stamped on the back of the map sheet, usually 1893. The maps are mounted on linen in 4, 6, or 8 panels. Comparing our sheets to those at the Library of Congress shows that most of our sheets were published 5 to 10 years before the stamped acquisition date. Thus most sheets were published between 1883 and 1888. A few sheets are duplicated and placed under similar list numbers.
Below is a typical sheet, Sheet 46, Neustadt in West-Pr. 1893, dissected into four parts and folded, with the map seller's label and map scale pasted on one fold:
Here is the same map, with the four sections joined into a composite, to make georeferencing more accurate.
Below is a detail of the same Sheet 46, Neustadt in West-Pr. 1893 at 400% magnification:
All 674 sheets are joined together in one composite image. The image is 401,310 pixels wide by 332,060 pixels high, 380 GB. Below are sheets 1 to 674 joined together in the composite image and shown in the Luna Browser:
The same composite image can also be viewed in Google Earth:
And the index sheet for the composite image can be viewed in Google Earth:
The composite image and the index sheet can also be viewed in the Google Earth desktop application (requires download if you do not have Google Earth installed). Or you can view these layers along with 300 other historical maps from the Rumsey Collection in Google Earth by clicking on this link.
The Karte des Deutschen Reiches have extraordinary map detail and many kinds of cultural, physical, political, and historical information. At least ten separate symbols for special buildings were utilized, a method enhanced by placing an abbreviation next to the symbol. Structures with special symbols include: churches, chapels, monuments, windmills, water mills, stamp mills, forester’s lodges, watchtowers, ruins, forts, quarries, clay pits, lime kilns, and coke-ovens. Factories, brick works, powder magazines, and many other important buildings are differentiated by means of abbreviation. Houses appear as black blocks, either rectangular or shaped like the ground plan of the building. Many other features are differentiated, for example there are four different qualities of roads plus bridle paths and footpaths.
Vegetation is minutely classified including separate symbols for broadleaf trees, evergreens, underbrush, heather, dry meadows, wet meadows, swamps, orchards, gardens, vineyards, and parks. Relief is shown by hachures. Spot elevations are given in meters above sea level.
This collection strongly trends toward the earliest editions. They were published for the General Staffs of Bavaria, Prussia, Saxony and Wurttemberg by several issuers, but most were by “R. Eisenschmidt, Verlags-Buchhandlung ” (publishing bookstore). (Berlin). Key organizations indicated on the maps include (1) Topographic Bureau of Royal Saxony, abbreviated in German as “topogr. bureau des konigl. sachs.” And (2) Royal Prussian General Staff, abbreviated in German as “Kgl. Preuss. Generalstab.”
Most sheets are stamped with "The Library of Massachusetts, State House, Boston," and the apparent date of acquisition. Almost all of the sheets are trimmed to the neatline to allow for closer alignment of multiple sheets when viewing, apparently a common practice by publishers of the sheets. Therefore the printed publishing date has been removed in most cases and we are estimating the date based on the acquisition stamp date (usually 1893).
Cataloging and research for the maps was done by Daniel Holmes, Librarian of the Rumsey Collection. Scanning and georeferencing of the map images was done by Glenn Bachmann of Cartography Associates. Global Mapper software was used to georeference and composite the map images. We are grateful to the Geography and Map Division of the Library of Congress for providing images of four sheets that were missing from the Rumsey Collection.
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Recent Additions
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March 19, 2011
- Recent Additions
- March 19, 2011
March 18, 2011 - 1,634 New Maps Added
1,634 new maps and images have been added to the David Rumsey Map Collection, bringing the online collection to over 26,000 maps and images. Included in this addition are five issues of Colton's General Atlas of the World dated from 1865 to 1886. Also two editions of Schonberg's Standard Atlas of the World, 1865 and 1867. Sheets from two national surveys: six composite images of the entire Wheeler Survey of the U.S. West, 1876, and the first 338 sheets of the massive 19th century survey of Germany, Karte des Deutschen Reiches, 1893 (the remaining 336 sheets will follow in the next update). Added are elegant maps from the Atlante Geographico de Agostini, 1952, and a complete set of all the Shell Oil Company Automobile Road maps of North America, 1956. All titles may be found by clicking on the View links or images below. Or click here to view all 1,634 new maps and images.
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Colton's General Atlas, various dates, 1865, 1866, 1869, 1974, 1886 |
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Schonberg's Standard Atlas Of The World, 1865 and Schonberg's Atlas of the United States, 1867 |
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Composite Images of all Wheeler Survey Topographical, Geological, and Land Classification Atlas Sheets, 1876 (various dates) |
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Karte des Deutschen Reiches, 1893 (various dates, 1880 to 1910) |
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Atlante Geografico de Agostini, 1952 |
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Shell Atlas of Automobile Road Maps, 1956 |
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Recent Additions
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November 28, 2010
- Recent Additions
- November 28, 2010
November 27, 2010 - 1,786 New Maps Added
Below are descriptions of 1,786 new maps and images recently added to the David Rumsey Collection. Included for the first time are six new BookReaders that enable page turning books in the Luna software; four of these are new atlases: Popple's 1746 Atlas of North America; Pertermann and Milners's 1850 Atlas of Physical Geography; Williamson's 1870 Removal of Blossom Rock in San Francisco Harbor; and Baker's 1936 Atlas of American Agriculture. Also, two important boundary dispute atlases, the three volume Alaskan Boundary Tribunal of 1904 and the Venezuela-British Guiana Boundary Commission atlas of 1897. And two important Soviet era world atlases, the Polish Army Topographic Survey World Atlas of 1968 and the USSR World Atlas second edition also of 1967. The Coal Resources of the World, 1913, is presented, along with Mathew Carey's 1818 General Atlas and Anthony Finley's first edition General Atlas of 1824. 35 irrigation maps of the San Joaquin Valley and Southern California, from 1880-1888 are shown. Also, the Geological Survey of California's 1873 Map Of The Region Adjacent To The Bay Of San Francisco, 22 important wall maps, many sheet, case, and pocket maps, and more. All titles may be found by clicking on the View links or images below. Or click here to view all 1,786 new maps and images.
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A Map of the British Empire in America with the French and Spanish Settlements adjacent thereto, 1746 |
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22 Wall Maps, 1813 - 1882 |
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Carey's General Atlas, 1818 |
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2 Maps of the United States of Nth. America, Map of Mexico and Louisiana, 1812 - 1820 |
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Mappe Monde en deux Hemispheres presentant L'Etat Acuel de La Geographie, 1820 |
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A New General Atlas, 1824 |
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3 Composite Maps of North and South America, 1827 |
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Atlas of Physical Geography, 1850 |
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Reports upon the Pacific Wagon Roads, 1859 |
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Johnson's New Illustrated (Steel Plate) Family Atlas, 1865 |
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Report Upon The Removal of Blossom Rock, San Francisco Harbor, 1870 |
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Map Of The Region Adjacent To The Bay Of San Francisco, 1873 |
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Gray's Atlas Of The United States, 1874 |
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The National Atlas. Containing Elaborate Topographical Maps Of The United States And The Dominion of Canada, 1878 |
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35 Irrigation Maps San Joaquin Valley and Southern California, 1880 - 1888 |
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Johnson's New Illustrated Family Atlas Of The World, 1886 |
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Report Upon The True Divisional Line Between The Republic Of Venezuela And British Guiana, 1897 |
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(British Atlas, U.S. Atlas, Atlas of Award). Alaskan Boundary Tribunal, 1904 |
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The Coal Resources Of The World. Atlas, 1913 |
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Atlas of American Agriculture, 1936 |
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Hammond's New World Atlas. Containing New and Complete Historical, Economic, Political and Physical Maps of the Entire World in Full Colors, 1948 |
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The World Atlas. Second Edition, 1967 |
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Pergamon World Atlas, 1968 |
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Recent Additions
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July 4, 2010
- Recent Additions
- July 4, 2010
July 4, 2010 - 564 New Maps Added
Below are descriptions of 564 new maps and images recently added to the David Rumsey Collection. Included are Jacob Green's Astronomical Recreations, an early U.S. celestial atlas published by Anthony Finley in 1824; Finley's pocket map version of his American Atlas, 1827; the graphically stunning Atlas Elementaire by Soulier and Andriveau-Goujon, published in Paris in 1838; a German atlas version of J. Calvin Smith's important Map of the United States from 1852; an extensive geography text with maps - Colton's Illustrated Cabinet Atlas of 1859, also online as a flip book at the Internet Archive; and the Ice Atlas of the Northern Hemisphere showing the extent of sea ice in 1946. All titles may be found by clicking on the View links or images below. Or click here to view all 564 new maps and images.
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Astronomical Recreations; Or Sketches of the Relative Positions And Mythological History Of The Constellations, 1824 |
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American Atlas (Pocket Atlas), 1827 |
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Atlas Elementaire Simplifie De Geographie Ancienne Et Moderne, 1838 |
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Special-Karte Der Vereinicten Staaten Von Nord-Amerika. von J. Calvin Smith, 1852 |
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Colton's Illustrated Cabinet Atlas and Descriptive Geography. Maps by G. Woolworth Colton. Text by Richard Swainson Fisher, 1859 We have also created a flip book version of this atlas at the Internet Archive. |
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Ice Atlas of the Northern Hemisphere, 1946 |
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Recent Additions
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April 12, 2010
- Recent Additions
- April 12, 2010
April 12, 2010 - 764 New Maps Added
Below are highlights from 764 new maps and images recently added to the David Rumsey Collection. Included are John Cary's 1790 Survey of the High Roads From London - an early use of strip road maps, the Atlas Classique De La Geographie - an 1839 teaching atlas by C.V. Monin with Monin's version of the classic Mountains and Rivers plate by Bulla, and Rand McNally's monumental 1924 Commercial Atlas Of America, with some of the most detailed early highway maps of the U.S. along with extensive railroad coverage at a time when the new highway system was beginning to challenge railroads as the most important transportation network in America. Also included are over 240 separate wall maps, case maps, pocket maps, or charts which are distinguished by their large physical size (often over 8 feet in the long dimension), requiring special photographic and software processes to create accurate digital images, resulting in very large digital files - but large map images can be examined and explored as easily as smaller map images, using zooming and panning features, and the amount of cartographic information in the larger maps is much greater. Highlights of this group of maps include Rand McNally's massive thirteen sheet Shippers' Railroad Map of the United States 1891 (12x20 feet, over 10GB file size), nine issues of Mitchell's Reference and Distance Map of the United States from 1834 to 1846 (group shown includes a tenth issue already online), Joseph Scheda's 20 sheet richly detailed map of the Austrian Empire in Central Europe in 1856 (5GB file size), and more. All titles may be found by clicking on the View links or images below. Or click here to view all 764 new maps.
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Early Wall and Case Maps of the United States, 1796 to 1833 |
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Cary's Survey of the High Roads From London, 1790
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Map of Pennsylvania, 1822 |
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Atlas Classique De La Geographie, 1839 |
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United States Of America, 1830, 1832, 1834 |
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Nine Editions of Mitchell's Reference & Distance Map of the United States, 1834 - 1846 |
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Map of the United States Of North America, 1842 |
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Stream Of Time, Or Chart Of Universal History, From The Original German Of Strass. Revised By D. Haskel, 1842 |
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Maps of the State of Maine, 1844 - 1862
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General - Karte Des Oesterreichischen Kaiserstaates, 1856 |
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Map of The World On Mercator's Projection, 1847 and 1857 |
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The Cottage Ornament, 1856 |
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Map Of The Vicinity Of Philadelphia, 1860 |
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The Washington Map Of The United States, 1861 and 1862 |
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Atlas Universel De Geographie Physique, Politique, Ancienne Et Moderne, 1875 |
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Historical Map Of The United States Showing Early Spanish, French & English Discoveries And Explorations Also Forts, Towns & Battle Fields Of Historic Interest, 1876 |
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Paris Et Ses Environs. Carte Geologique Detaillee. Carte Topographique De L'Etat Major, 1890 |
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Rand, McNally & Co.'s New Shippers' Railroad Map of the United States, 1891 |
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Lines Of The Bell Telephone Companies. United States And Canada, 1910 |
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Andrews' Schoolroom Chart Of Geographical Illustrations, 1915 |
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Rand McNally Commercial Atlas of America, 1924 |
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The Histomap. Four Thousand Years Of World History. Relative Power Of Contemporary States, Nations And Empires, 1925 |
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Featured Maps
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February 25, 2010
- Featured Maps
- February 25, 2010
Cartouches, or Decorative Map Titles
Cartouches are the elaborate decorations that frame map titles and other information about the map. They add an artistic or symbolic narrative to the maps they describe. According to map historian Edward Lynam, cartouches that frame titles first appear on Italian maps in the 16th century. They persist on maps until the middle of the 19th century, going through many stylistic changes. Below are selected cartouches from maps in our collection, beginning in 1703 and ending in 1852. The cartouche styles in this 150 year period are remarkable for their diversity, symbolism, social commentary, and artistic beauty. Many of the cartouches appear to have iconographic meanings that may be lost to us today. Others are just wildly ornate, attempting to give the map they introduce a more arresting aspect. 50 cartouches are shown below; click on any of the images to see the larger maps that the cartouches embellish.
This first group of three cartouches are from Guillaume de Lisle's World Atlas of 1731:
Henry Popple's 1733 atlas Map of the British Empire in America features a cartouche remarkable for its mysterious symbolism, including a severed head of a (we assume European) man with an arrow sticking into it:

The large, ornate cartouche of John Mitchell's Map of the British and French Dominions in North America is shown below in the London edition, the Paris edition by Le Rouge, and the derivative Italian edition by Zatta:

Here is the elegant map cartouche of the immense, nine sheet Plan of St. Petersburg 1753, with a depiction of and dedication to the Empress Elizabeth of Russia:

Five imaginative and artistic map cartouches from the Atlas Universel by Didier and Gilles Robert de Vaugondy, 1757:

Thomas Jefferys used cartouches showing scenes of commerce and landscape in many of the maps in his American Atlas, published after his death by Sayer and Bennet in 1776, three of which are shown below:

Some of Thomas Jefferys' maps were also published posthumously by Kitchin, Laurie and Whittle in their New Universal Atlas of 1787, including this map of the Western Coast of Africa (derived from a French map by D'Anville) with a cartouche full of various African themes:

Even Thomas Jefferys' trade-card was in the form of an elaborate cartouche:

James Cook's 1773 map of South Carolina has a cartouche that follows Jefferys' themes of colonial enterprise, nature, and indigenous peoples:

The four cartouches below using engraved Baroque style frames are from maps in Thomas Kitchin's General Atlas of 1790:

William Faden's General Atlas of 1811 included the four map cartouches below, placing titles in buildings, on mountains and rocks, and adding humorous elements (as on the map of Turkey in Europe):

Aaron Arrowsmith, London map publisher, used cartouches on many of his wall maps, including depictions of Niagara Falls, the tropics, and portraits of explorer Captain James Cook:

American map publishers used modest cartouches starting in the late 18th century and gradually developed more elaborate ones in the first half of the 19th century:

Samuel Lewis' simple illustration of a traveler with his dog form the title cartouche for his 1819 map of the United States:

Joseph Bouchette's maps of Canada were surveyed and drawn by him in Canada, but printed in London by William Faden. The cartouches for two of the maps below are extremely ornate, probably reflecting the influence of Faden:

Philadelphia map publisher Henry Tanner used scenes of the American landscape in his panoramic cartouches for his maps of North America, New England, and the United States:

Smaller, independent American map publishers produced some interesting variations. This pocket map of Ohio by Columbus, Ohio map publisher Hiram Platt has an unusual cartouche:

S.A. Mitchell and James H. Young of Philadelphia used landscape and commerce as the themes for this cartouche:

Even American school atlas maps had cartouches, as shown in this map from Thomas Smiley's Atlas of 1842:

By the middle of the 19th century, map cartouches were incorporating actual views of cities or landscapes into the maps to add decoration to the titles, as in this map of Naples, Italy and the one below it of North America:

The use of views to embellish maps largely replaced decorative cartouches after 1850. In a sense, the illustrated cartouche now wraps the entire map, not just the title. Three examples are shown below, the first from the Illustrated Atlas of 1851 by Martin and Tallis:

An even more ornate example of map illustration is this map from Levasseur's Atlas National Illustre des 86 Departments et des Possessions De La France from 1856:

The final example of the use of views is this map from Fullarton's Royal Illustrated Atlas of 1872, one of the last of the decorative atlases published in the 19th century:

This entire group of cartouches and the maps they are taken from can be seen as a slide-show or as a group. For further reading, especially on the early period of map cartouches from the 16th and 17th centuries, see Edward Lynam's discussion of cartouches in his 1953 Mapmaker's Art (PDF).
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News
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January 21, 2010
- News
- January 21, 2010
Landmark 1979 California Water Atlas Debuts Online
Originally published in 1979, The California Water Atlas, a monument of 20th century cartographic publishing, has been scanned and put online for free public access by the David Rumsey Map Collection. Linda Vida, Director of The Water Resources Center Archives of the University of California asked David Rumsey and Cartography Associates to scan and make available to the public this extraordinary book. The copyright holder, the California Governor's Office of Planning and Research, agreed to allow free public access online.
The book was digitized at very high resolution so the resulting images can be explored, revealing all the amazing detail in the many diagrams, maps, and illustrations that accompany the extensive text. The original work was a collaborative effort involving many individuals in and outside the government of then Governor Edmund G. (Jerry) Brown, Jr., including William L. Kahrl, Project Director and Editor; William A. Bowen, Cartography Team Director; Stewart Brand, Advisory Group Chairman; Marlyn L. Shelton, Research Team Director; David L. Fuller and Donald A. Ryan, Principal Cartographers; and many others who contributed to the project.
The atlas may be viewed in three formats online: in the LUNA Browser of the David Rumsey online collection, in a Flip Book Reader at the Internet Archive, and in three PDF files, low (46MB), medium (72(MB), and high (180MB) resolution (For the PDF's, Firefox or Chrome are recommended since they support PDF progressive download; IE and Safari will download the PDF's but only show them at the end). All files can also be downloaded from the Internet Archive site. When viewing the atlas online, it is best to use as big a screen as possible because the original book is large, 47cm high and 41cm wide (82cm wide when opened to two page view).
Use of the digital files is free for all personal, non-commercial uses, governed by a Creative Commons License. All the scanning, metadata creation, uploading to LUNA and to the Internet Archive was done by David Rumsey and fellow Cartography Associate colleagues Dan Holmes and Kristian McManus.

When the atlas came out in 1979, it got rave reviews from both historians and scientists. Charles Wollenberg, writing in the California Historical Quarterly, called it "a very big and beautiful book...well-written, spectacularly illustrated, and filled with useful information for expert and layman alike...an indispensable sourcebook for decades to come." The Quarterly Review of Biology said it was "a major reference work of interest to applied ecologists concerned with water supply and usage and to ecologists in general in California." Over 30 years old, the atlas is still fresh and germane to today's issues and no doubt will be so for a long time to come.
Below are selected pages from The California Water Atlas:
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Below are all the pages of The California Water Atlas - click on any page to open it in a full window.
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Featured Maps
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January 7, 2010
- Featured Maps
- January 7, 2010
19th Century Maps by Children
In the 18th and 19th centuries, children were taught geography by making their own maps, usually copies of maps available to them in books and atlases at their schools or homes. Below is a group of maps and geographical diagrams made by children in the 19th century; and some of the school atlases, geographies, and wall maps that may have been their sources. These old maps made by children were hand drawn and colored, one-of-a-kind productions, and it is amazing that any have survived down to our time. That they have is due to luck and the efforts of families to preserve the history of their children. These maps have a special poignancy today in the way that they reflect the optimism of youth from another time.
The geographical diagram of Connecticut below is from Frances A. Henshaw's Book of Penmanship Executed at the Middlebury Female Academy April 29, 1828. She drew geographical diagrams for each of her hand-drawn maps in her book. Notwithstanding the title, this geography book is drawn by a very promising student. It includes descriptions of Astronomical Geography, the Ptolemaic, Brahean and Copernican Systems, Comets, Great Circles, Equator, Meridian, Horizon, Colures, Tropics, Polar Circles, Zones, Climates, Latitude and Longitude, a section titled "America," and 19 maps of the states with a descriptive geographical diagram for each.
The diagram above accompanied a hand-drawn map of Connecticut, shown below. Of the 19 maps in her book, most were copied from the 1805 edition of Carey's American Pocket Atlas (see our 1796 edition, which is similar), except for Ohio, which is from Arrowsmith and Lewis' Atlas, 1812, and Indiana, from an unknown source.
The text sections of her book are copied from Morse's "Geography Made Easy", probably 1807 edition, but the text describing the maps in her geographical diagrams is entirely original. The geographical diagrams themselves are very unusual and unlike anything we have seen in children's books. A selection of them is shown below:
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Henshaw saved her book and gave it to her son, T.A. Post, in 1872, a year before she died. Note the inscription on the bottom of the title page, just below the date of April 29, 1828, when she finished her book. That she kept the book for 44 years into her adult life and then passed it on to her son indicates how much she valued it.
About a year after we scanned and put the book in our online map library, we were emailed by Henshaw's great-great grandson Truman Young who said "I recently found an item on the online David Rumsey collection that appears to be a notebook written by my great-great-grandmother, Frances Alsop Henshaw Post (1809-1873). I have more information about her, if that would be a useful addition to your records. For example the "T.A. Post" referred to on the title page is her son, Truman Augustus Post (1838-1902)." Mr. Young will visit our library later in 2010 and we hope to gain more information from him about his remarkable ancestor, Frances Henshaw.
View the entire Frances Henshaw "Book of Penmanship" as a slide-show.
Emma Willard (1787-1870) was a prominent teacher who believed that young women should learn geography by making maps. It is likely that her influence on teaching practices of the first half of the 19th century played a role in the creation of children's maps by young women at the time. Willard published several history school books that included many very imaginative maps and charts that no doubt inspired students to think of space and time as integral dimensions of history. An example is her Atlas to Accompany a System of Universal History, which contains "A chronological picture of nations, or perspective sketch of the course of empire. (and) the progressive geography of the World, in a series of maps, adapted to the different epochas [sic] of the history." Her time-line "Picture of nations or perspective sketch of the course of empire" is shown below:
In the same book, Willard uses receding dark clouds shrouding parts of the maps to show the expansion of geographical knowledge over time, a convention she probably borrowed from Edward Quin's Historical Atlas of 1830. This technique is an especially delightful visualization that no doubt stimulated children's imaginations and may have helped them remember historical eras. Below is one of her cloud maps showing the period from BC 1921 to the Christian Era:
Children often made individual maps or groups of maps. Eliza S. Ordway made a small wall map of the United States in 1829, with black rollers top and bottom as was the style for commercially made wall maps of the period.
Anna M. Bullard drew her "Map of the World" in hemispheres in 1836 in Boston, Massachusetts. Her cartography is somewhat simplified but generally accurate for the time. She also used a wall-map style, including varnishing the map to better preserve it.
Maria Symonds of the Topsfield Academy in Topsfield, Massachusetts, made this map of the United States and dated it 1830. It bears a strong resemblance to John Melish's United States of 1822 (although the Melish map does not cover the West Coast). This is very well drawn, backed with linen and varnished, and outlined in color.
Another map of the United States--we think made about 1821, based on the geography and boundaries in the map-- was most likely done by a student using the John Melish 1816 United States Map (which covers the entire county coast to coast) as a source.
It is interesting to compare the above two maps' delineation of Florida and get a closer look at their styles of drawing and level of detail:
Most of the children's maps in our collection are by young women. Only a few are by young men. These three maps made by Bradford Scott are very individualized productions and striking in their use of bold colors and strong lines.
The earliest children's atlas that we have in the collection is "A General Atlas, done by Frances Bowen under the care of her Sister Eliza in the year 1810"
Bowen has 37 maps in the atlas, all carefully drawn. The result is very fine and these are some of the most delicate and well executed children's maps we have seen. The paper is watermarked J. Whatman 1808 and E & P 1804, both English watermarks. Hence we assume that Bowen is from England; furthermore, the meridian is from London on the World and U.S. maps, although she could be American. Her World map is shown below:
View the Frances Bowen General Atlas as a slide-show.
In addition to the previously mentioned influence of Emma Willard, children and students were inspired to draw maps by reading the many other teaching and school atlases that were published in the 18th and 19th centuries. Our online map collection has over 600 maps and images from school atlases. Some of these books encouraged children to draw either by showing simplified maps of the word that were easy to copy, or by specifically providing blank map sheets for the students to fill in.
Johann Baptist Homann published his teaching atlas, the Atlas Methodicus in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1719.
An example of the simplified maps in Homann's atlas is this map showing California as an island off the coast of North America, a common geographical misconception of the 18th century. California is identified with the letter "C" which is then listed under the text pages on the islands of North America.
William Faden, a London map and atlas publisher, published the exquisite Geographical Exercises in 1777, containing pairs of drawn maps and blank maps. Students were expected to copy the drawn maps onto the blank maps and thereby learn the geography by drawing it.
Faden's Map of Asia is paired with a blank Map of Asia, the blank sheet showing clearly the interesting polyconic projection used to draw the map.
In the 19th century, Samuel Augustus Mitchell of Philadelphia published in 1839 a School Atlas that was accompanied by a separate Atlas of Outline Maps. Below is the drawn Map of the United States from the School Atlas and the outline Map of the United States from the Atlas of Outline Maps:
View a slide-show of Mitchell's drawn and outline maps.
Another example of school atlases that taught map drawing is George W. Fitch's Mapping Plates from 1850, "designed for learners in geography, being a collection of plates prepared for delineating maps of the World, and countries forming its principal subdivisions ..." Student Lydia S. Weeks completed this page of the Western and Eastern Hemispheres:
In addition to Lydia Weeks, several other students filled in the map plates. View the entire Fitch "Mapping Plates" book as a slide show below. Click on the link "Go to Source" to view larger.
Towards the end of the 19th century, solutions to teaching map drawing became even more imaginative, including the use of stencils in the Drawing Teacher published in 1885. It has six stencil maps in its box, below, one of the United States (shown) and five more of the continents:
It gives me special pleasure to share these maps online, as I have long treasured them as special parts of the collection. Imagine what would happen today if we brought back the classroom practice of making maps to teach geographical literacy, with all the easy tools and satellite images of the Earth available on our desktops, and these old children's maps for inspiration.
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News
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December 4, 2009
- News
- December 4, 2009
New davidrumsey.com Website Redesign
For the first time since its launch in 1999, the www.davidrumsey.com website has been completely redesigned and updated. With better navigation and structure, users will find it easier to explore the site's many viewers and collection database with over 21,000 maps online. A new Blog has been added to the site, and includes entries for Recent Additions, News, Featured Maps, Related Sites, and Videos. Over 200 historic maps from the collection can be viewed in a new browser-based version of Google Earth, and users can enter the Second Life version of the map collection directly from a dedicated Second Life portal page on the site. And the collection ticker at the bottom of the home page shows the entire online map library in random order over about 10 hours. As always, all maps can be downloaded for free directly from the site at full resolution. And a new service from Pictopia allows purchase of reproductions of any map in the collection directly from the new LUNA viewing software.
The redesigned Home page of the website:
The View Collection page shows the many viewers used to explore the map collection online:
The new Blog section of the website has posts on Recent Additions, News, Featured Maps, Related Sites, and Videos:
The new website was designed by Michelle Williamson of Command Create. Development by Bot & Rose and Adam Brin. Hosting by Luna Imaging.
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Recent Additions
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November 20, 2009
- Recent Additions
- November 20, 2009
November 20, 2009 - 1,238 New Maps Added
The following are highlights from 1,238 New Maps and Images added to the David Rumsey Collection. Included are John Cary's comprehensive road map of England and Wales from 1794 (plus a composite image joining all 81 sheets), John Wilson's important Map of South Carolina, 1822, Pick's time-line historical chart from 1858, geological and oil maps of Pennsylvania, 2 editions of Rand McNally's Business Atlas, 3 editions of Johnston's Royal Atlas, the atlas edition of Viele's map of New York City from 1874, and more. All titles may be found by clicking on the View links below. Or click here to view all 1,238 new maps.
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Cary's New Map of England and Wales, With Part of Scotland, 1794 The large composite map joining all sheets may also be viewed in Google Earth |
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Map of the United States and British Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, 1816 |
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Map Of South Carolina, 1822 |
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Western Hemisphere; Eastern Hemisphere, 1825 |
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An Atlas of Ancient Geography, 1826 Tanner, Henry, Philadelphia 16 maps. Maps in full color. Maps are divided into three categories: Geographia Sacra, Ecclesiastica, and Antiqua. View Atlas |
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Atlas Universel Pour servir a l'Etude De La Geographie Et De L'Histoire Anciennes et Modernes, 1827 Vivien de St Martin, L., Paris 48 maps. First edition. The maps are well done, slightly smaller than the contemporary Brue and Lapie maps (except in the case of the double sheet maps), Nonetheless, the entire atlas achieves a beautiful overall effect. View Atlas |
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Atlas Universel d'Histoire et de Geographie Anciennes et Modernes, 1835 Duval, Henri, Paris 40 maps and diagrams. A unusual school atlas with hand lettered lithographed plates, each signed by Duval. Includes thematic maps on the natural world, astronomy, geology, and other subjects. View Atlas |
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Sharpe's Corresponding Atlas, 1849 Sharpe, J.; Lowry, J.W., London 54 maps. An atlas that attempts to use projection to aid understanding of world geography. In the preface, Sharp explains the use of only four scales (plus one for Switzerland) among the 54 maps, done with the intent to facilitate equitable comparison and comprehension of world regions. View Atlas |
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Black's Atlas Of North America, 1854 Black, Adam & Charles; Bartholomew, John, Edinburgh 20 maps. All maps are by John Bartholomew. This is the first use of printed color by Black and Bartholomew. A fine atlas, scarce, and especially interesting when compared to another similar but more elaborate U.K. contemporary publication on North America, Rogers and Johnston's Atlas of the United States, 1857. View Atlas |
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General Atlas Of The World, 1854 Black, Adam & Charles; Hall, Sidney; Hughes, William, Edinburgh 70 maps. This edition represents a significant change of maps for Black; Phillips lists the entire contents, which he rarely does for an atlas of this period, indicating his view of its importance. The map of Mexico includes the California Gold Regions colored in gold. View Atlas |
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Geological Map Of The State Of Pennsylvania, 1858 Rogers, Henry Darwin, Edinburgh This large map was intended to accompany the text volumes of the Final Report on the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, 1858. The map is fully colored to show geological formations, and has nine sections below the map. W. & A.K. Johnston engraved the map, further evidence of their collaboration with Rogers in addition to the 1857 Atlas of the United States. View Map |
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Tableau De L'Histoire Universelle depuis la Creation jusqu'a ce jour, 1858 Pick, Eug,, Paris Date is estimated. This is a timeline historical map, The map has vignettes of people, buildings, historical scenes and important places in the history of the world. It begins with Adam and Eve and the Garden of Eden (dated as 4963 BC) and shows the passage of history as the flows of various rivers, ending in the time the map was made, 1858. The United States is given only brief mention as a branch of the river representing Great Britain. Full color. Dissected into 9 sections and edged in white cloth. View Map |
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Map of the Centre Oil Region From Oil City To Parkers Landing , 1871 Wrigley, Henry E.., Titusville A unique, very large scale map of the center oil region (the largest scale we have seen) made by the photographic process. Henry Wrigley was a civil engineer active in the oil region who self published a series of five oil region maps by the photographic process; on the map he states "By this means (photography) every one can be kept constantly advised of the progress of all developments and possess the information desired at the time he most needs it." View Map |
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Topographical Atlas Of The City Of New York Including The Annexed Territory, 1874 Viele, Egbert L., New York Larger version of Viele's 1865 New York Map in Atlas form, in original printed tan paper wraps reading "Topographical Atlas Of The City Of New York. By Egbert L. Viele. 1874," with the sheets unfolded. According to Stokes, this edition was prepared from new surveys by Eugene Quackenbush. On five sheets; full color indicating meadow, marsh, and made lands. View Atlas |
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The Royal Atlas Of Modern Geography, 1879 Johnston, Alexander Keith, Edinburgh and London 51 maps. An updated edition of an atlas that was first published in 1861 and continued publication into the early 20th century. View Atlas |
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Atlas Universel de Geographie Moderne. Physique, Politique, Historique, Industriel, Commercial et Militaire, 1882 Jouvet et Cie., Paris 40 maps. A thematic and physical atlas with well executed maps. View Atlas |
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Mitchell's New General Atlas, Containing Maps Of The Various Countries Of The World, Plans Of Cities, Etc., 1886 Mitchell, Samuel Augustus Jr., Philadelphia 73 maps. At this late date in the run of Mitchell Atlases, William Bradley of Philadelphia was the publisher with Mitchell's own role no longer clear. View Atlas |
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Mitchell's New General Atlas, Containing Maps Of The Various Countries Of The World, Plans Of Cities, Etc., 1886 Mitchell, Samuel Augustus Jr., Philadelphia 68 maps. Association copy per W. H. Gamble (fl. 1867-1887), Geographer, author of handwritten transmittal to Mrs. Emmie Johnson, tipped into lining paper, along with Gamble's card. Gamble made many of the maps in the Mitchell atlases. Although the date is the same as the 1886 copy above, there are many changes to the maps throughout the atlas. View Atlas |
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Rand McNally & Co.'s Enlarged Business Atlas And Shippers' Guide , 1889 Rand McNally and Company., Chicago 93 maps. 1st edition in this format was 1885. This is the 18th edition. With printed color. Extensive coverage of railroads. Includes all text pages which have an extensive index of places, railroads, county seats, and more. View Atlas |
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The Royal Atlas Of Modern Geography, 1893 Johnston, Alexander Keith, Edinburgh and London 54 maps. Another edition of Johnston's world atlas, all maps now in printed color. View Atlas |
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Rand - McNally Official Railway Map Of The Pacific Coast States Including Territory East To Denver, 1901
Rand McNally and Company, Chicago A large scale map of the American west from central Colorado to the coast. Shows all railroads in operation, topographical features and public surveys. It is copyrighted in 1901 with the present title (indicating that it may be the first edition in this form) and in 1893 and 1898 as "Rand, McNally & Co.'s Standard Map of the United States" (suggesting that it may have been derived from a larger map of the entire U.S.). View Map |
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Rand McNally & Co.'s Enlarged Business Atlas And Shippers' Guide, 1903 Rand McNally and Company, Chicago 102 maps. This is the 33rd edition. Maps change from the 1890's editions - they are now similar to the Large Indexed Atlas. Complete with all text pages and indexes of places, railroads, and more. View Atlas |
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Johnston's Royal Atlas Of Modern Geography, 1912 W. & A.K. Johnston, Edinburgh and London 54 maps. Preface by G.H. Johnston. Alexander Keith Johnston's name is dropped from the title page. Maps are printed in outline color with the exception of the full color North and South Polar Charts. This is a very late edition of the Royal Atlas, the final year of publication shown in Phillips being 1919. View Atlas |
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Campfire Rings in the Backcountry of Yosemite National Park, 1972 Holmes, Joseph Edward, Berkeley Hand drawn annotations on twelve U. S. Geological Survey 15-minute topographical basemaps. A series of symbols represent the different sizes of about 4500 fire rings and corresponding trampled areas, all from an inventory taken in the summer of 1972.. Plotting of fire rings follows a complex protocol. Detailed explanatory legend. Original in the Yosemite National Park Archives. View Map |
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Featured Maps
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October 11, 2009
- Featured Maps
- October 11, 2009
Carte de France - The National Survey of France 1750 - 1815
The Carte de France was one of the first national surveys completed on the same scale, 100 toises (a toise was equal to 6ft and the equivalent scale today would be 1:86,400), according to a specific plan. It was led by several generations of the Cassini family (not to be confused with the Italian globemaker Giovanni M. Cassini) starting in the 1740's and continuing through the French revolution and Napoleon's time, to 1815. Four generations of the Cassini family held the position of director of the Paris Observatory, and three of those worked on the Carte de France: Jacques Cassini (Cassini II, 1677-1756); Cesar-Francois Cassini (Cassini III, 1714-1784); and Jean Dominique Cassini (Cassini IV, 1748-1845). The 182 sheets that comprise the map are superb examples of cartographic engraving. The use of trigonometric surveying techniques gave the map a high degree of accuracy for its time. The sheets can therefore be joined together to present a unified view of France in the 18th century. In the view below, they are joined digitally - if they were physically joined together they would form a map about 39 feet high by 38 feet wide:
The Tableau de la Carte Generale de la France by Louis Capitaine shows the plan of dividing the country into map sheets:
At the bottom of the Tableau is an Explication des Caracteres Geographiques employes dans la Carte Generale de la France, which is a key to the symbols used in the 182 sheet map - there are no keys on the sheets themselves. As such, it is invaluable in understanding the cultural information on the maps. A portion of the key is shown below in detail (click on the image to see the full key). Additional explanations of the map symbols can be found on this site.
The plan for the triangulation survey is shown clearly in the Nouvelle carte qui comprend les principaux triangles... published in 1744 by Cesar-Francois Cassini and Giovanni Domenico Maraldi:
The first sheet published was centered on Paris, with the prime meridian running through the Paris Observatory and titled Carte de France Levee par ordre du Roy Premiere Feuille:
This close up of sheet 1 shows Paris and the meridian passing through the Paris Observatory. It also gives a good sense of the rich cultural information shown on the sheets (click to open in a new window with zoom and pan):
The production of the atlas sheets continued for about 65 years, to 1815. The cartographic style changed somewhat over that period, with slightly different symbols used for cultural and natural features at different times. Yet the map still has a consistency that that is impressive for such a long project. A version of the map on a reduced scale of 400 toises (1:345,600) on 24 sheets was published in 1790:
We have georeferenced both the 100 and 400 toises issues of the Carte de France and put them in Google Maps and in Google Earth. Below is the 100 toises scale map in Google Maps (click on the image to open in Google Maps). The 400 toises reduced scale map can also been seen in Google Maps.
The Carte de France in Google Maps and Google Earth can be searched by location, for example (in Google Maps) Marseilles, or Bordeaux, or Paris Environs, or regions like Brittany.
The 100 toises scale map in Google Earth is below (requires Google Earth plug-in). The 400 toises scale map can also be viewed in Google Earth.
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Related Sites
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October 10, 2009
- Related Sites
- October 10, 2009
LUNA Commons
The LUNA Commons site provides free access to over 225,000 images from more than 15 important collections of cultural materials, including paintings, maps, books, sculpture, gardens, Americana, posters, fashion, and more...
Browse Collections in LUNA Commons
The LUNA Browser used by the LUNA Commons site allows searching across all the collections and combining images from many collections at once. For example, Rumsey Historical Maps can be combined with Japanese Historical Maps and Maps of Africa, to create groups of images like the one below. Use the arrows to advance the slide-show; click on the little "i" to view the catalog record; click on "Go to Source" to see the slide-show full screen.
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Featured Maps
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September 13, 2009
- Featured Maps
- September 13, 2009
Julius Bien, Master Printer and Cartographer
Julius Bien (1826-1909) was an American lithographic printer and cartographer who worked in New York City in the second half of the 19th century. He was responsible for the publication of thousands of maps issued by the U.S. government and private map publishers. He was a pioneer in the development of chromolithography. He is recognized as one of the finest map printers of his time. The Rumsey collection contains over 1,100 maps published by Bien. Although authorship of 19th century maps and atlases is never limited to one person, and most of these cartographic productions list authors other than Bien, it is clear that he had a major role in shaping the final results. Bien's printing and publishing of geological maps was outstanding and he took geological visualizations to new levels, as can be seen in the example below from Hayden's Atlas of Colorado, 1881.
Bien was born in Naumburg, Germany in 1826 and was educated at the Academy of Fine Arts in Cassel and at Stadel's Institute in Frankfurt. He became involved with the German revolution of 1848, which led to his immigration to America in 1849. He established a lithographic business in New York City in 1850 and continued it there for over 50 years. Bien was drawn to map publishing and was interested in improving the quality of map printing. He made maps for the growing western surveys including the Pacific Railroad Surveys, the census, the coast surveys, and provided maps during the Civil War. Although primarily a printer, he did publish later in his career several atlases. His deep interest and understanding of the science of printing make his productions exceptional. He was given numerous awards during his lifetime and was the first president of the National Lithographers Association. In addition to his cartographic productions, Bien issued exquisite chromolithographic reproductions of Audubon's Birds of America.
Of Bien's many atlases, his Grand Canyon, Colorado, and Fortieth Parallel are outstanding examples, shown below.
William Henry Holmes' topographical drawings of the 1882 Grand Canyon were printed by Bien with extraordinary result in Dutton's Grand Canyon Atlas. A detail from the Panorama From Point Sublime is shown in the image below:
Bien published the cartographic output of the Wheeler Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, from 1871 to 1883. The maps are rich in cultural and historical detail from the period. Below is the title page of the Topographical Atlas sheets.
Below is a selection of Bien's cartographic output from 1859 to 1904, as a slide-show - use the arrows to advance the slides; click on the little "i" to view the catalog record; click on "Go to Source" to see the slide-show full screen.
Bien's last atlases were some of his finest - The Atlas of the Metropolitan District of New York, the massive Atlas to Accompany the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, and The Statistical Atlas of the Twelfth Census.
Bien engraved the plates for the U.S. Civil War Atlas titled "Military Maps Illustrating the Operations of the Armies Of The Potomac & James May 4th 1864 to April 9th 1865 including Battlefields of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, The Siege Of Petersburg And Richmond Battle-fields of Five Forks." The view below shows details from six of those plates, click on the images to open them in a larger window that enables zooming and panning. The close up details of the battle maps below show the extraordinary level of Bien's printing skill.
By the time of Bien's death in 1909 his innovations in printing technology had been recognized by numerous awards and his election as the first president of the National Lithographers Association. His prolific cartographic output during his lifetime included all the U.S. western surveys, the U.S. Census, the coast surveys, the Pacific Railroad Surveys, Civil War maps, and several atlases that he published himself.
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Featured Maps
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September 7, 2009
- Featured Maps
- September 7, 2009
Cassini Terrestrial and Celestial Globes 1790 - 1792
Giovanni Maria Cassini was a noted geographer, engraver, and publisher in Rome. He was one of the last of the fine Italian globe makers active at the end of the 18th century. Cassini made Terrestrial and Celestial Globes in 1790 and 1792. He also published the twelve terrestrial and twelve celestial globe gores that formed these globes in his atlas "Nuovo Atlante Geografico Universale" along with rules for the construction of globes and globe gores.
The full title of the Terrestrial Globe is Globo terrestre / delineato sulle ultime osservazioni con i viaggi e nuove scoperte del Cap. Cook, inglese ; Gio. Ma. Cassini C.R.S. inc. Roma : Presso la Calcograf[i]a cam[era]le, 1790. The globe shows contemporary discoveries in the Pacific as well as the routes of three of Captain James Cook's voyages.
Cassini's terrestrial globe gores were used to create a physical globe about 34cm in diameter. In the virtual world, we have scanned the gores, georeferenced them and then projected and wrapped them on a three dimensional globe shown in the two images below - clicking on the globe image will open the globe in Google Earth (plugin required, turn off Atmosphere layer in Google Earth).
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The terrestrial globe gores are shown below in their original printed form on four sheets of three gores each. The images of the sheets were downloaded from the Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division.
The gores were then trimmed in Photoshop and georeferenced in ArcMap to the WGS 1984 coordinate system as shown in the image below. This is the image that is used to create the virtual globe in Google Earth and ArcGlobe. Clicking on the image will open it in Rumsey Google Maps, in a Mercator Projection.
Terrestrial and Celestial globes were often paired together so in 1792 Cassini made a companion Celestial Globe, showing the Heavens and all the known stars and constellations. The Celestial Globe's full title is Globo Celeste calcolato peril corrente anno sulle osservazioni de Sigg. Flamsteed e de la Caille. Roma : Calc(ografi)a Cam(era)le, 1792. Inciso dal P. Gio. Ma. Cassini, C.R.S. Like the terrestrial globe gores, the celestial gores were scanned and georeferenced and then placed on a virtual globe as shown below. Click on the globe image below to open the globe in Google Earth (plugin required, turn off Atmosphere layer in Google Earth).
Since the Terrestrial and Celestial Globes were typically viewed side by side in their physical instantiations, we wanted to join them together in their virtual copies. We were able to do this in Google Earth by turning the Cassini Celestial Globe inside out and placing it 64 million meters outside the Terrestrial Globe, as seen in the video below. The same space can be viewed live in Google Earth (plugin required, turn off Atmosphere layer in Google Earth).
At the time we did the Cassini Globes project, the Rumsey Collection did not have copies of the Cassini globe gores. The Celestial Globe gores as well as copies of the Terrestrial Globe gores were added to the Rumsey collection in 2007. The Terrestrial gores are the same issue as the Library of Congress copies, but the coloring is different, as can be seen from the images below, in a slide-show from the Rumsey collection database, which includes the gores and the printed parts for the "ring sheet" of zodiacs and 2 polar calottes (caps). Use the arrows to advance the slides; click on the little "i" to view the catalog record; click on "Go to Source" to see the slide-show full screen.
Taking the virtualization of the Cassini globes a step further, the Cassini Globes have been placed on the Rumsey Map Islands in the virtual world, Second Life. As shown in the video below, David Rumsey's avatar, Map Darwin, explores the virtual globes which are over 100 meters in diameter and placed next to each other on the map islands, floating above an 1883 map of Yosemite Valley.
Finally, as shown in the video below, it is possible to combine the Cassini Terrestrial Globe with other GIS layers, including NASA's satellite image of the world at night, several satellite images of world topography and bathymetry, and other historical maps and globes.
Perhaps Giovanni Maria Cassini would be intrigued to see his Terrestrial and Celestial Globes take on new life in the 21st century digital world, all firmly based on the great accuracy of his geographic knowledge and the high quality of his engraving skills.
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Featured Maps
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September 5, 2009
- Featured Maps
- September 5, 2009
Heights of Mountains, Lengths of Rivers
For over 100 years, atlas and map publishers in the United States and Europe published a style of map that was a visualization of the heights and lengths of the world's mountains and rivers. Some of the earliest examples appeared in Europe towards the end of the 18th century. In the United States, the form was popular throughout the 19th century and the early part of the 20th. These maps appeared in atlases, as wall maps, and as pocket maps. One of the most elegant examples was engraved originally on copper by map publisher Henry Tanner in Philadelphia in 1836 and then continued by S. Augustus Mitchell, also of Philadelphia, in lithographic versions into the 1850's. The example below was published by Mitchell in 1846.
The Mountains and Rivers maps appeared in several styles and formats. One of the earliest styles was to show just mountains, piled up in a landscape, with a key of mountain heights on the left and right sides of the illustration. Also listed on the side would be the highest flights of the Condor, limits of plants and trees, elevations of lakes, elevation of certain high altitude cites, and climate zones. An early example in the Rumsey collection is Charles Smith's Comparative View of the Heights of the Principal Mountains &c. In The World, published in London in 1816:
Eight examples in this style are shown below. Each uses a different method to unpack the dense information contained in the maps: a grid system, a numbering system, elevation lines and an outline chart. (click on images to enlarge)
Another popular style combined heights of mountains and lengths of rivers in one view. The rivers are stretched out in single lines, with the longest on the left combining with the shortest mountains, while the shortest rivers combine with the highest mountains on the right. The visual result is very compelling. One of the earliest examples was W.R. Gardner's Comparative Heights of the Principal Mountains and Lengths of the Principal Rivers, published by William Darton in London in 1823:
Three examples of this style are shown below. (click on images to enlarge).
The map below is an unusual example that divides the mountains and rivers maps into five illustrations of the continents.
A third variation of the mountain and rivers designs was putting the mountains in the center of the view with the rivers extending downward on each side. One of the earliest examples of this type was published by Henry Tanner in 1836, Heights of the Principal Mountains in the World.

John Dower and Henry Teasdale published another version in London in 1844 titled Principal Mountains and Rivers of the World. It is possible that there was an earlier version of this London map that Tanner copied from - a common practice of American mapmakers in the first half of the 19th century - but Tanner's map is centered on information important to American readers and the Dower/Teasdale map is oriented to England and Europe.
Other examples of this style:
Gray's new map of the World in hemispheres, with comparative views of the heights of the principal mountains and lengths of the principal rivers on the globe, of 1885, provided a simplified view of the mountains and rivers. It appeared in George N. Colby's Atlas of the State of Maine, 1885.
The double hemisphere style continued to the end of the 19th century, as shown by Rand McNally's Western Hemisphere, Eastern Hemisphere, of 1897 from their Indexed Atlas of the World.

There are other types of mountains and rivers maps that defy categories. Many atlas publishers issued them in pairs, such as this mountains and rivers pages from Anthony Finley's General Atlas of 1831:
And this pair from Antonio Garcia Cubas' beautiful Atlas Pintoresco, an illustrated atlas of Mexico published in 1885:
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| Carta Orografica. VI; Garcia Cubas, Antonio, 1832-1912; Mexico; 1885. | Carta Hydrografica. VII; Garcia Cubas, Antonio, 1832-1912; Mexico; 1885. |
School atlases often used schematic pairs of charts to indicate the heights of mountains and the lengths of rivers:
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| Comparative heights of mountains; Worcester, Joseph E.; Boston; 1826 | Comparative lengths of rivers; Worcester, Joseph E.; Boston; 1826 |
And some examples show unique local interpretations such as Thomson's Comparative view of the lengths of the principal rivers of Scotland from 1822:
Or this example from Venezuela, Augutin Codazzi's Un cuadro de alturas que comprende las de las cordilleras de Merida... of 1840:
The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (SDUK) had a remarkable plate in their 1844 World Atlas of A map of the principal rivers shewing their courses, countries, and comparative lengths:
A map of the principal rivers shewing their courses, countries, and comparative lengths, Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledg, London, 1844
The final map in this series is from one of the last decorative 19th century atlases, the Royal Illustrated Atlas by Fullarton, 1872, Comparative Views of the Heights of the Principal Mountains and Basins of the principal Rivers... It combines an unusual showing of the basins of the major world rivers with the principal mountains of the world which also show the major geographical distributions of plant regions of the globe by altitude, a Humboldt inspired convention.
Below is a slide-show of another 23 maps that use the mountains and rivers conventions in school atlas maps, profiles, physical maps, and general maps, followed by all 33 of the various mountain and rivers maps shown above. Use the arrows to advance the slides; click on the little "i" to view the catalog record; click on "Go to Source" to see the slide-show full screen. To view the entire group in the LUNA Browser, click here
For more information on the subject of mountains and rivers maps, see the excellent post on BibliOdyssey as well as John Wolter's extensively researched article in the Quaterly Journal of the Library of Congress, The Heights of Mountains and the Lengths of Rivers.
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Related Sites
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September 2, 2009
- Related Sites
- September 2, 2009
Japanese Historical Maps from the East Asian Library, UC Berkeley
The remarkable collection of Japanese Historical Maps held by the East Asian Library at the University of California Berkeley campus have been put online over the last five years in a collaboration between David Rumsey and the library. Over 1,500 images are currently online and the collection is expected to grow by several thousand more images.
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News
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August 29, 2009
- News
- August 29, 2009
David Rumsey Donates 150,000 Maps to Stanford University
David Rumsey will give his map collection and digital library to Stanford University over the next five to ten years. Rumsey will continue to host and build the online map library at www.davidrumsey.com for years to come.

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Related Sites
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July 15, 2009
- Related Sites
- July 15, 2009
NASA Images
(Update: we are migrating this site and it is unavailable until further notice). The site NASA Images was launched in July of 2008. It contains over 140,000 images and videos from NASA's archive. It is hosted and developed by the Internet Archive in collaboration with NASA (the Internet Archive is the official repository and archive of all of NASA's images, videos, and other visual materials). Luna Imaging and David Rumsey provided the LUNA browser software. Adam Brin created the first combined group of NASA's 25 separate websites by crawling them for images and data, and setting up the initial instance of NASA images in the LUNA software.
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Recent Additions
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March 6, 2009
- Recent Additions
- March 6, 2009
March 6, 2009 - 1,572 New Maps Added
The following are highlights from 1,572 New Maps and Images added to the David Rumsey Collection. All titles may be found by clicking on the View links below. Or click here to view all 1,572 new maps. (This link shows 1850 maps and images because some of the new 1,572 items are text pages added to atlases and the entire atlases are shown).
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Atlas Nouveau, 1742 |
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Carte De La Mer Mediterranee, 1764 |
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West-India Atlas, 1788 |
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Charts And Plates To La Perouse's Voyage, 1799 |
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Vie De George Washington, 1807 Marshall, John, Paris 19 maps, views, and pages. The is the Paris edition of Marshall's Life of Washington. The maps are perhaps the highest quality of any of the various editions. Tooley says that J.N. Buache did the maps. View Atlas |
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The Life of George Washington, 1807 Marshall, John, Philadelphis 12 maps, views, and pages. The Philadelphia edition of Marshall's Life of Washington. The maps are engraved by Francis Shallus, Samuel Lewis, and John Vallance - all early and importance American engravers. View Atlas |
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General Atlas of the United States, 1816 Lucas Jr., Fielding, Philadelphia 31 maps. This is the issue with the state maps and without the complete European maps (for 31 maps total versus 54 for the larger issue). The date is estimated. All the maps are in full color, and were engraved by Henry Tanner. Title page illustrated with engraving by G. Fairman with globe, adults, and cherubs. View Atlas |
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A Complete Genealogical, Historical, Chronological, And Geographical Atlas, 1820 Carey, Mathew; Lavoisne, M., Philadelphia 84 maps, diagrams, and pages. This is the first American edition which is based on the 1817 London edition published by J. Barfield. View Atlas |
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A General Atlas of the World, 1822 Lucas Jr., Fielding, Baltimore 67 maps. This is a very unusual Lucas atlas. It has 31 of the Tanner and Harrison engraved maps of the continents and foreign countries that appeared in the (1815) and (1816) "New And Elegant General Atlas." Of the remaining 36 maps, 8 are of South America and the West Indies and are unchanged in the 1823 atlas; the other 28 maps are in many cases early states of the new U.S. maps that appear in the 1823 atlas. View Atlas |
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A General Collection Of Maps, Charts, Views, &c., 1824 Melish, John, Philadelphia 27 maps. Unusual collection of maps by various makers. The Melish maps are from the second edition of the Military and Topographical Atlas. Also present are Melish's map of the U.S. to accompany Maclure's Geology, several maps of foreign countries by Carey, maps of the West Indies by Lucas, and many maps by unknown makers. This may have been published by A.T. Goodrich who acquired much of Melish's material after his death, or Robert Desilver who acquired the Carey maps. View Atlas |
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Frances A. Henshaw's Book of Penmanship, 1828 Henshaw, Frances A., Middlebury, Vermont 19 maps. Exquisite hand drawn maps of the states. Notwithstanding the title, this is a geography book hand drawn by a very promising student. It includes descriptions of Astronomical Geography, the Ptolemaic, Brahean and Copernican Systems, Comets, Great Circles, Equator, Meridian, Horizon, Colures, Tropics, Polar Circles, Zones, Climates, Latitude and Longitude, a section titled America, and 19 maps of the states with a descriptive page for each. This addition adds all the text pages to the online atlas. View Atlas |
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Historical atlas ... from the creation to A.D. 1828, 1830 Quin, Edward, London 21 maps. 1st edition. The unique maps show progressively receding cloud borders to indicate the expansion of geographical knowledge over time. This addition adds all the text pages to the atlas. View Atlas |
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New American Atlas, 1833 Tanner, Henry S., Philadelphia 18 maps on 22 sheets. Although the title page is dated 1825, many maps in the atlas are dated 1833. Several of the state maps are the latest known dates and yet this atlas has several maps of states that are very early dates - the likely explanation is that Tanner was finishing up his inventory of maps for this atlas as he prepared his new atlas, the Universal Atlas, for first issue in parts starting in 1834. View Atlas |
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A New Universal Atlas, 1845 Tanner, Henry S., Philadelphia 72 maps. This is the mid 1845 edition, date on title page is 1844. The Texas map by C.S. Williams appears here for the only time in the engraved form. This atlas is one of several editions of the Tanner Universal Atlas in the period 1844 to 1846 that show the transition from engraved atlases to lithographic atlases. View Atlas |
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New Universal Atlas, 1848 Greenleaf, Jeremiah, no place 65 maps. Rare reissue of 1842 Greenleaf Universal Atlas. Many changes from the 1842 edition: Florida a State, Michigan entirely redrawn, Mexican War results on North American map, Mexico, Texas, Oregon changes to show 1846 boundary with Canada, Missionary stations listed on the Hemispheres, and many new railroads, counties, boundaries, etc. View Atlas |
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A New Universal Atlas, 1848 Bourquin, Frederick; Mitchell, Samuel Augustus; Tanner, Henry S., Philadelphia 76 maps. This is a unique copy of the Mitchell/Tanner Universal Atlas. Frederick Bourquin and his employer, Peter Duval, received a Third Premium Award from the Franklin Institute in November, 1848, for their achievement in transferring the Universal Atlas from copper plates to lithographic stones. This copy of the atlas was their submission to the Franklin Institute to be considered for the award. The atlas is made up of uncolored maps from various editions by Tanner and Mitchell, between 1846 and 1848. It is a document of the important change from engraved maps to lithographic maps. View Atlas |
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Physical Atlas of Natural Phenomena, 1856 Johnston, Alexander Keith, 1804-1871, Edinburgh 38 maps. 2nd ed., enlarged. 1st ed. was 1848. Most of the maps are lithographed in color, but some are still engraved. The 1848 ed. was entirely engraved. Maps have both hand and printed color. This addition adds all the text pages which include some maps printed in the text. View Atlas |
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Colton's Advertising Atlas Of America, 1857 Colton, G.W., New York 63 maps and many pages of advertisements. Full page advertisements interspersed throughout the atlas with an Index to Advertisements bound in the front. Colton issued this atlas almost as a business directory of New York City industry in the 1850's. View Atlas |
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A New Universal Atlas, 1859 Mitchell, Samuel Augustus, Philadelphia 76 maps. The scarce last edition listed in Phillips of Mitchell's New Universal Atlas. It was published by Charles DeSilver of Philadelphia. This edition marks the end of the New Universal Atlas run, which started twenty three years earlier with the Tanner first edition of 1836. View Atlas |
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Martenet's Map of Maryland, Atlas Edition, 1866
Martenet, Simon J., Baltimore 53 maps and text pages. This is Martenet's state map in book form, by county. A description of each county accompanies the maps. Manuscript notations updating some of the political geography. List of sources of the map, most of which were Martenet's own surveys. View Atlas |
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Map of the States Of California And Nevada, 1869 Holt, Warren; Gibbes, C.D., San Francisco Wall map. First issue. Lithographed in Philadelphia by S.B. Linton. The smaller 1873 Holt/Gibbes pocket map of California and Nevada was probably derived from this map. An inset profile shows "Elevation Above The Sea Of Some Of The Principal Mountains In California And Nevada." View Map |
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Johnson's New Illustrated Family Atlas Of The World, 1874 Johnson, A.J., New York 70 maps and text pages. The last year of continuous publication for this atlas that started in 1860. For some reason, Johnson seems to not have published atlases in 1875, 1876, and 1878 - or they were published in such small numbers that we have yet to see them. View Atlas |
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Rail Road Atlas and Pictorial Album of American Industry, 1875 Asher & Adams, New York 111 maps and advertising pages. This is a very unusual and wonderful atlas - it combines the most complete Asher & Adams atlas map set (the same grouping as the late 1874 issue, but updated - see our #0041) bound unfolded on edge (this is a huge book) with beautiful illustrations opposite each map of industrial establishments, products, and machinery. It has become very scarce. Its sheer size probably meant that the edition was small in number. View Atlas |
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A Group of 4 Geologic Atlases, 1887-1904 United States Geological Survey Washington (D.C.) Atlases of the Pacific Slope, Yellowstone Park, Aspen Colorado, and the Marquette Iron District of Michigan. Various authors. All with color lithography by Julius Bien & Co. of New York. View Atlases. |
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Nouvel Atlas Illustre Geographie Universelle, 1892 Desbuissons, L.E.; Migeon, J., Paris 67 maps. A late date for an atlas to have hand colored maps, as this does. With a large folding railroad map of Europe in the back. The vignette views are on every map and are very attractive. View Atlas |
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Atlas Of The Mexican Conflict, 1914 Rand McNally and Company; Schlitz Brewing Company, Chicago 8 maps. Presents the U.S. side of the conflict. The maps are standard Rand McNally maps of the period, except for the Mexico map which has been overprinted in red to show the war situation, dramatically showing the fleets and forts. View Atlas |
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Linea Divisoria Entre Mexico Y Los Estados Unidos, 1901 International Boundary Commission, New York 19 maps. Accompanies Memoria de la seccion Mexicana. Publication date approximate. U.S. and Mexican Commissioners listed with signatures. Maps in black and white and showing 20-foot contours, railroads, survey markers, landmarks, vegetation, watercourses, roads, hachures for edges of mesas, and boundary line. View Atlas |
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Atlas Universel de Geographie, 1937 Schrader; Vivien St Martin, L., Paris 80 maps. A fine color lithography atlas from Librairie Hachette. This copy is bound with three screw down bolts, to hold the parts as issued and to substitute new maps as they became available. The earliest map in this set is 1920. Most of the maps are dated from 1930 to 1937. View Atlas |
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5 Maps of Yolo County, California, 1900 - 1939 Various authors, various places (Original Not in Rumsey Collection - Original with the Yolo County Records and Archives Center). These maps show the evolution of Yolo County over a 39 year period. View Maps |
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Recent Additions
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August 2, 2008
- Recent Additions
- August 2, 2008
August 1, 2008 - 1,038 New Maps Added
The following are highlights from 1,038 New Maps added to the David Rumsey Collection. All titles may be found by clicking on the View links below. Or click here to view all 1,038 new maps.
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Carte de la France 1790 Cassini, Cesar-Francois, 1714-1784; Capitaine, Louis, ca. 1749-ca. 1797; Cassini family, Paris 5 maps. These maps are a 24 sheet reduction of Cassini's 182 sheet 1750 map, joined together in 4 large sheets of 6 maps each. Includes the key to symbols used in the large Cassini survey. View Maps You can also view these maps in Google Maps and Google Earth |
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United States Gazetteer, 1795
Scott, Joseph, Philadelphia 19 maps. This is one of the earliest gazetteers of the United States that was published in the U.S. View Gazetteer |
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A New General Atlas, Ancient and Modern, 1814 |
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General Atlas of the World, 1822
DeSilver, Robert, Philadelphia 10 maps. Atlas of hand colored maps. Title page includes table of contents listing 47 maps (of which we have 10: Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Ohio and Switzerland). Unbound sheets. View Atlas |
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Atlas geographique, statistique, historique et chronologique des deux Ameriques, 1825
Buchon, J. A. C., Paris 53 maps. This atlas is derived from the Carey & Lea 1822 and 1823 American Atlas editions. Many of the maps are updated and several new maps have benn added. View Atlas |
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Atlas of Scotland, 1832 |
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Physisch-statistisch u. politischer Atlas von Europa, 1837 |
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La Geographie Universelle, 1837
Malte-Brun, Conrad, Paris 70 maps. An atlas of maps intended to accompany Malte-Brun's Universal Geography. Engraved edition. Later editions (1839) were lithographed. View Atlas |
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L'Univers. Atlas Classique Et Universel De Geographie Ancienne Et Moderne, 1837 |
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Atlas universel de geographie physique, politique, ancienne & moderne, 1842 |
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Atlas universel historique et geographique, 1844 |
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New General Atlas Of The World, 1844 |
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Historisch-geographi scher Hand-Atlas zur Geschichte der Staaten Europa's, 1854 |
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Atlas National De La France, 1856 |
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Geographischer Atlas uber alle Theile der Erde, 1864 |
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Spruner-Menke atlas antiquus, 1865 |
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Neuer Atlas der ganzen Erde, 1865 |
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Atlas dresse pour l'Histoire de la geographie et des decouvertes geographiques, 1874 |
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Middle Tennessee, Chattanooga Campaigns, 1891 |
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Wisconsin bicycle road maps, 1897 |
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Atlas de Filipinas, 1899 |
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Atlas metodico para la ensenanza de la geografia de la Republica Mexicana, 1899 |
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Atlas Antiquus, 1903 |
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Videos
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April 28, 2008
- Videos
- April 28, 2008
Giving Maps a Second Life with Digital Technologies
This is a video of David Rumsey giving the opening keynote address to the Digital Library Federation Spring 2008 Forum in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on April 28, 2008. The talk is a substantially expanded version of the Second Life Launch Event talk.
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Videos
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March 7, 2008
- Videos
- March 7, 2008
Second Life Launch Event Talk
A video presentation from the Rumsey Map Islands launch in Second Life on March 6, 2008.
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News
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February 1, 2008
- News
- February 1, 2008
Rumsey Map Islands Open in Second Life
Rumsey Map Islands open in the virtual world of Second Life. Maps from the collection are rendered in huge scale in this 3D environment. See the Video of the Opening Talks.

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News
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January 15, 2008
- News
- January 15, 2008
Google Sky Adds Rumsey Celestial Globe
Google Sky (part of Google Earth) adds a new layer for the 1792 Celestial Globe by Giovanni Cassini, from the David Rumsey Map Collection. Read the Astronomy Magazine Blog about the new feature.

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Recent Additions
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November 28, 2007
- Recent Additions
- November 28, 2007
November 28, 2007 - 1,566 New Maps Added
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The following are highlights from 1,566 New Maps added to the David Rumsey Collection. All titles may be found by launching the LUNA Browser or Java Client and searching under Search/by Publication Author using the author last names below. Or click here to view all 1,566 new maps. |
Atlas des ganzen Erdkreises, 1803
Reichard, C. G., Weimar
6 maps. The maps depict the entire earth on a central or gnomonic projection, which shows the globe as six faces of a cube. View Maps
Union Atlas, 1813
Darton, William, London
38 maps. This is a charming atlas with well executed maps that are fairly typical for the period. From the title it seems that this was intended to accompany gazetteers and geographies and thus probably had some use in the schools.View Atlas
Neuer Hand-Atlas uber alle Theile der Erde, 1822
Reichard, C. G.; Haller von Hallerstein, Friedrich, Nurnberg
28 maps. An early 19th century German atlas, with maps that follow the latest geographical discoveries. View Atlas
Celestial Atlas, 1822
Jamieson, Alexander, London
36 maps, diagrams, and text pages. A celestial atlas comprising a systematic display of the heavens in a series of thirty maps. Illustrated by scientific descriptions of their contents, and accompanied by catalogs of the stars and astronomical exercises. View Atlas
Atlas til Friherre Klinckowstroms Bref om de Forente Staterne, 1824
Klinckowstrom, Axel Leonhard, Stockholm
18 maps, diagrams, illustrations and text pages. To accompany the author's "Bref om de forente Staterne, forfattade under en resa till Amerika aren 1818, 1819, 1820" (Stockholm: Ecksteinska tryckeriet, 1824). Several of the maps are translations into Swedish of maps by John Melish. View Atlas
Atlas Universel de Geographie, 1828
Brue, Adrien Hubert, Paris
71 maps and text pages. One of the best French general atlases of the early 1800's. Updated through many editions into the 1870's. View Atlas
London atlas of Universal Geography, 1838
Arrowsmith, John, London
52 maps and text pages. 3rd edition. This atlas is remarkable for its understated elegance and clarity. It is one of the first truly "modern" atlases of the nineteenth century. View Atlas
View the 1844 edition of this atlas
A New General Atlas, 1845
Tanner, Henry S.; (Finley, Anthony), New York
64 maps and text pages. The last atlas published by Henry Tanner. It is largely a reissue of Anthony Finley's General Atlas of the 1820's and 1830's, updated. View Atlas
The Moravia Atlas, 1853
Fullback Academy, Fullback, England
42 maps and text pages. A religious atlas showing the location of Moravian churches and missions around the world. View Atlas
Maps and charts of the United States Coast Survey, 1854
United States Coast Survey; Bache, A. D., Washington, D.C.
63 maps, charts and text pages. A rare set of most of the Coast Survey maps published to July 1854. All the maps are engraved instead of lithographed. The maps issued on the Coast Survey annual reports, which are more commonly seen, were lithographed. View Charts
Vollstandiger Hand-Atlas der neueren Erdbeschreibung, 1855
Sohr, Karl; Berghaus, Heinrich; Flemming, Carl, Glogau and Leipzig
133 maps and text pages. One of the most scarce of the mid 19th century German atlases, with an interesting reduction of Arrowsmith's important 1841 Map of Texas. View Atlas
Reports of Explorations and Surveys...for a Railroad From the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, 1861
Warren, Gouverneur Kemble; Pacific Railroad Survey, Washington, D.C.
56 maps, views and text pages. Includes all the maps, profiles, and views from Volume XI of the U.S. Government sponsored survey to find the best railroad route across the west to the Pacific Ocean. View Maps
Atlas of the State of Delaware, 1868
Beers, D. G., Philadelphia
44 maps and text pages. This is the first of two state atlases by D.G. Beers, the other being Rhode Island in 1870. Both are uncommon, and this one is rare. View Atlas
New topographical atlas and gazetteer of Indiana, 1870
Higgins & Ryan; Asher, Adams & Higgins, Indianapolis
13 maps and text pages. Includes index, brief history of Indiana, and maps of the United States, Europe, and the world. View Atlas
Atlas of the Maritime Provinces, 1878
Roe Brothers, St. John, New Brunswick, Canada
37 maps and text pages. This is the only 19th century atlas of the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. View Atlas
Atlas of the State of Maine, 1885
Colby, George N.; George N. Colby & Co., Houlton, Maine
53 maps and text pages. Includes maps, statistics and descriptions of Maine's history, educational system, geology, rail roads, natural resources, summer resorts and manufacturing interests. View Atlas
Stuart's Atlas of the State of Maine, 1894
J.H. Stuart & Co.; Stuart, J. H., South Paris, Maine
63 maps and text pages. 9th edition. This updated Colby's Atlas of Maine from 1885. View Atlas
Historical Atlas of Augusta County, Virginia, 1885
Hotchkiss, Jed.; Waddell, Joseph Addison, Chicago
39 maps, photographs and text pages. A scarce county atlas based on maps by the famed Civil War cartographer, Jedidiah Hotchkiss. View Atlas
Atlas geografico y estadistico de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, 1886
Garcia Cubas, Antonio, Mexico
32 maps and text pages. Maps of each state of Mexico, the Distrito Federal, and a general map of the entire country. View Atlas
Atlas der Geologie, 1892
Berghaus, Hermann, Gotha, Germany
15 maps and text pages. A separate issue of the Geological section of the 1892 Physikalischer Atlas. View Atlas. These maps can be compared to the much earlier Physikalischer Atlas by Heinrich Berghaus of 1849.
Canyons of the Colorado, 1895
Powell, John Wesley, Meadville, Pennsylvania
126 maps, views and text pages. All the illustrations and maps from Powell's important book on his journeys down the Colorado River in the period of 1867 to 1872. View Book
Stanford's London Atlas of Universal Geography, 1901
Stanford, Edward, London
111 maps and text pages. First issued in 1887, this atlas is the successor to John Arrowsmith's London Atlas of 1858 (Stanford acquired Arrowsmith's plates upon his death). This is a magnificent atlas, in full color lithography, certainly the premier English atlas of its day. View Atlas
Report of the Governor of the Territory of Hawaii to the Secretary of the Interior, 1906
Hawaii. Governor, Washington, D.C.
11 maps and text pages. With 9 maps, most folding and large (Maui is 110x133) showing land uses, topography, ownership, etc. The maps are dated around 1900 and are very interesting and attractive. The text and the maps give a look at the early commercial development of the islands. View Maps
Photo-auto maps, 1907
Chapin, Gardner S.; Schumacher, Arthur H.; Rand McNally and Company, Chicago
60 maps, photographs and text pages. A very unusual presentation of nine index maps showing the route from New York to Albany and Saratoga Springs and return, with photographs showing with printed arrows each turn to make in the road. Eventually, route signs were posted for automobiles, but before that occurred, this book filled a need. View Atlas
Davis' New Commercial Encyclopedia, the Pacific Northwest, 1909
(Cram, George Franklin); Davis, Ellis Arthur, Berkeley, California
115 maps, photographs and text pages. Includes maps and photographs of three states, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. View Atlas
New Mercantile Marine Atlas, 1922
Philip, George, New York, London and Liverpool
41 maps and text pages. A series of 35 plates containing over 200 marine charts and plans with shipping routes. View Atlas
Auto Road Atlas of the United States and Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritime Provinces of Canada, 1927
Rand McNally and Company, Chicago
54 maps and text pages. The second edition of this early American road atlas, expanded to include Canada. View Atlas
A Group of Separately Published Maps and Pocket Maps, 1710 to 1922
Various Authors, Various Places of Publication
100 maps and text pages. A group of maps ranging from Hotan's 1710 Nanzenbushu bankoku shoka no zu (Buddhist conceptual map of the world) to Edward Stanford's 1922 pocket map of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Panama. View Maps
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Related Sites
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September 1, 2007
- Related Sites
- September 1, 2007
Farber Gravestone Collection
The Farber Gravestone Collection is an unusual resource containing over 13,500 images documenting the sculpture on more than 9,000 gravestones, most of which were made prior to 1800, in the Northeastern part of the United States. The late Daniel Farber of Worcester, Massachusetts, and his wife, Jessie Lie Farber, were responsible for the largest portion of the collection. This online version of the Farber Gravestone Collection is sponsored by the American Antiquarian Society. The Web site and online image database have been created by David Rumsey and Cartography Associates.
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Recent Additions
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April 7, 2007
- Recent Additions
- April 7, 2007
April 7, 2007 - 1,041 New Maps Added
| The following are highlights from 1,041 New Maps added to the David Rumsey Collection. All titles may be found by launching the LUNA Browser or Java Client and searching under Search/by Publication Author using the author last names below. Or click here to view all 1,041 new maps. |
United States Exploring Expedition, 1845
United States Exploring Expedition (1838-1842); Wilkes, Charles, Philadelphia
84 maps, views, and portraits. These illustrations appear in the five volumes of text that make up the narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition in the years 1838 to 1842. The large maps of the expedition were published in a separate volume. View Illustrations
Atlas of Hamilton County, Ohio, 1869
Harrison, Robert H.; Titus, Clarence O, Philadelphia
44 maps and views. There are ten detailed maps of Cincinnati. Colton's Ohio map is used without attribution and under Titus' imprint. The plans of towns and counties are typical for the period; no views, except for the last page which has two views and a description of Longview Asylum. View Atlas
Report U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian volume 1, 1875
Wheeler, G.M., Washington, D.C.
287 maps, views, diagrams, and text pages. These images comprise most of the illustrations in the first of the seven text volumes of the Wheeler survey published from 1875 to 1889. This first volume, Geographical Report, contains much valuable information on the general history of western U.S. mapping and specific details on the sources of the Survey's map sheets. View Illustrations
Scribner's Statistical Atlas of the United States, 1883
(United States. Census Office); Hewes, Fletcher W.; Gannett, Henry, New York
161 maps, diagrams, and text pages. First edition, based on the 1880 U.S. Census. View Atlas
Statistical Atlas of the United States, 1898
United States Census Office; Gannett, Henry, Washington, D.C.
69 maps, diagrams, and text pages. This atlas is based upon the results of the United States Eleventh Census of 1890. View Atlas
Twelfth Census of the United States, taken in the year 1900, Statistical Atlas, 1903
United States Census Office; Gannett, Henry, Washington, D.C.
219 maps, diagrams, and text pages. Maps by Julius Bien & Co. The maps are in color and overwhelmingly thematic in nature covering the topics of population, vital statistics, agriculture, and manufacturing. View Atlas
Atlante Internazionale, 1929
Touring Club Italiano, Milano.
177 maps and text pages. This magnificent atlas is the third edition of a work originally published in 1927. It rivals the 1922 Times Atlas of the World for both international coverage and cartographic excellence. Each map is accompanied by text that lists the sources of the map, as well as the terms used, the classification of towns, and a table of conventional signs. View Atlas
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Recent Additions
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December 8, 2006
- Recent Additions
- December 8, 2006
December 8, 2006 - 1,148 New Maps Added
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The following are highlights from 1,148 New Maps added to the David Rumsey Collection. All titles may be found by launching the Insight Browser or Java Client and searching under Search/by Publication Author using the author last names below. Or click here to view all 1,148 new maps. |
Atlas Nouveau, 1742
Lisle, Guillaume de; Covens & Mortier, Amsterdam
121 maps and text pages. The Amsterdam edition of De Lisle's maps, adding maps by Sanson, Jaillot and others. View Atlas. Or compare this atlas combined with the earlier 1731 Paris edition by DeLisle
Globo Terrestre, Globo Celeste, 1792
Cassini, Giovanni Maria, Rome
24 globe gores on 8 sheets with 2 additional plates. 12 terrestrial and 12 celestial globe gores from an important Italian map publisher. View Globes
New Universal Atlas, 1802
Kitchin, Thomas; Robert Laurie and James Whittle, London.
91 Maps. Maps dated 1794-1802. Many of the maps are updated from Kitchin's 1790 General Atlas, and Thomas Jefferys' 1776 American Atlas. View Atlas
New and Elegant General Atlas, 1804
Arrowsmith, Aaron; Lewis, Samuel, Philadelphia
63 maps. An early American atlas that went through several editions. It is an interesting example of collaboration between London (Arrowsmith) and Philadelphia (Lewis) map makers. View Atlas
Map of the United States, Exhibiting the Post-roads, 1809
Bradley, Abraham Junior, Washington, D.C.
Third edition. The map is dated 1804 but the delineation of the political geography indicates a date of 1809. An important road map showing the system of postal routes of the emerging United States. View Map. Compare this map to the fourth edition of Bradley's postal map, 1812.
New and Elegant General Atlas, 1812
Arrowsmith, Aaron; Lewis, Samuel, Boston
63 maps. A later edition of the Arrowsmith and Lewis atlas. View Atlas
Edinburgh Geographical and Historical Atlas, 1831
Lizars, Daniel; Hamilton, John, Edinburgh and London
66 Maps. Some of the finest maps of the period. This atlas was very accurate in this first edition; later editions were not always sufficiently updated. View Atlas
Land Sale Maps, San Francisco, California, 1860-1873
(California) Board of Tide Land Commissioners, Britton & Co, San Francisco
A group of six maps showing lands for sale in the city of San Francisco and in the tide-lands around San Francisco Bay. View Maps
Atlas of the Entire City of New York, 1879
G.W. Bromley & Co.; Geo. W. Bromley & E. Robinson, New York
62 Maps. Bromley published several atlases of New York City and this was his first. Shows land ownership and building locations in great detail. Various newspaper articles and other documents are attached to the versos of many maps, explaining the history of areas keyed in manuscript on the maps. Annotations or pasted-on notes on most maps. View Atlas
Allgemeiner Handatlas, 1881
Andree, Richard, Leipzig
72 Maps. First edition of an important 19th and early 20th century German world atlas. The maps are printed in color and simplified compared to the competing Stieler world atlases also published in Germany at that time. The atlas features many innovative thematic maps. View Atlas
Letts's Popular Atlas, 1883
Letts, Son & Co., London
152 Maps. An inexpensive and highly detailed popular British atlas, with especially detailed coverage of India and Russia, and many cities of the world. View Atlas
Atlas of New Hampshire, 1892
D.H. Hurd & Co., Boston
281 Maps and views. This massive state atlas uses a new style of view with the maps - a cross between photography and drawn views. View Atlas
The Times Atlas, 1895
Times (London, England); Andree, Richard, London
78 Maps. First edition of the Times Atlas of the World, with maps by Richard Andree of Germany, translated into English. Compare this atlas to the Andree Handatlas above. View Atlas. In later editions (1922), The Times used maps published by John Bartholomew of Edinburgh. The earlier collaboration with a German publishing house was unusual.
Atlas California Earthquake, April 18, 1906, 1908
California. State Earthquake Investigation Commission, Washington, D.C.
41 Maps and diagrams. Detailed maps and geologic profiles of the devastating San Francisco earthquake of 1906, plus reproductions of seismograms from many earthquake stations. View Atlas
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News
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November 13, 2006
- News
- November 13, 2006
Google Earth Adds Rumsey Historical Maps Layer
Google Earth launches a group of maps from the David Rumsey Map Collection in their 3D Globe. Read an article in PC Magazine, read the Google Earth Press Release, or read David Rumsey's entry in the Google Blog.

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Related Sites
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August 1, 2006
- Related Sites
- August 1, 2006
Visual Collections
The Visual Collections site was established in 2004 as a central location for cultural collections in the Luna Insight software that were available free to the public. Over 300,000 images from over 50 collections have been made available here. In 2008, the establishment of LUNA Commons has largely superseded the need for the Visual Collections site, but it remains active until all the collections on it have been moved over to the LUNA Commons. Visual Collections uses the older Insight Browser and Java Client software, while LUNA Commons uses the new LUNA Browser software.
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Recent Additions
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March 21, 2006
- Recent Additions
- March 21, 2006
March 21, 2006 - 1,048 New Maps Added
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The following are highlights from 1,048 New Maps added to the David Rumsey Collection. All titles may be found by launching the Insight Browser or Java Client and searching under Search/by Publication Author using the author last names below. Or click here to view all 1,048 new maps. |
Nouvelle Metode, la Geographie, 1693
Dangeau, abbe de, Manuscript
French Atlas of outline maps by Dangeau, perhaps some of the earliest examples of outline maps used for teaching geography. View Atlas
Introduction a la Geographie, 1717
Fer, Nicolas de, Paris
6 Maps and plates. An early French geography book. Includes a map of California as an island. View Book
Natural and Civil History of the French Dominions in North and South America, 1760
Jefferys, Thomas, London.
18 Maps. 1st edition, published during the French and Indian War. This work describes and maps many of the French possessions that were to pass to England at the War's conclusion in 1763. View Book
Atlas des enfans, 1784
(Schneider, J. H.); Bruyset, Jean-Marie, Lyon
25 maps and plates. An early French school atlas that was published in many editions. View Atlas
Thomas's Library Atlas, 1835
Thomas, Joseph; Fenner, Rest, London
71 Maps. A pocket atlas, also used as a school atlas. Includes 26 classical maps. View Atlas
Skol-Atlas, 1852
Stieler, Adolf; Brudin, J. L., Stockholm
24 Maps. A Swedish school atlas, published as a Swedish edition of Stieler's Tashen-Atlas. With a title page and preface in Swedish; maps in German. View Atlas
New General Atlas, editions of 1870, 1880, and 1890
Mitchell, Samuel Augustus, Philadelphia
3 editions of a very popular 19th century American Atlas, showing the political and economic expansion of the United States over three decades. The 1870 edition includes R.A. Campbell's Atlas of Illinois. View 3 Atlases
View 3 Atlases, plus the 1860 Mitchell New General Atlas
8 Atlases of Westchester County and Northern New York City, ranging in date from 1881 to 1914. The atlases show rapid suburban growth over 30 years along the railroad lines running north from New York City. Titles include Bromley, Westchester County 1881 (first edition); Bromley, Westchester County 1910; Bromley, Westchester County 1914 (two volumes); Bromley, Northern New York City, 1893; Hyde, Westchester County 1900; Hyde, Rural District North of New York City, 1908; and Mueller, City of Yonkers 1907. View 8 Atlases
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Recent Additions
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October 15, 2005
- Recent Additions
- October 15, 2005
October 15, 2005 - 1,564 New Maps Added
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The following are highlights from 1,564 New Maps added to the David Rumsey Collection. All titles may be found by launching the Insight Browser or Java Client and searching under Search/by Publication Author using the author last names below. Or click here to view all 1,564 new maps. |
31 Children's School Atlases ranging in date from 1777 (William Faden, Geographical Exercises, London) to 1875 (Samuel Augustus Mitchell, Ancient Atlas, Philadelphia). Highlights include M.B. Moore, Geographical Reader for Dixie Children (a rare Civil War era school atlas published in Raleigh, North Carolina); American school atlases published by Morse, Worcester, Carey, Cornell, Cummings, Woodbridge, Willard, Grigg, Adams, Goodrich, Huntington, Olney, Fitch, Mitchell, and Smith; a manuscript school atlas by Francis Bowen, 1810; J.B. Clouet, Geographie Moderne, Paris, 1787; Delamarche and Lattre, Petit Atlas Moderne, Paris, 1800; and Edward Patteson, General and Classical Atlas, Surrey, 1804. View 31 School Atlases
A Chart of North and South America, 1753
Green, John; Jefferys, Thomas, London
First Edition of this important chart showing North and South America and the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The first chart to label Behring's Straits, and the most accurate map of its time in establishing more correct placements of the coasts of the Americas and Northeastern Asia. View Chart
A New General Atlas, 1817
Thomson, John, Edinburgh.
86 Maps and text pages. The first edition of an important atlas of the World. This atlas was inspired by Pinkerton's Modern Atlas of 1815 (see our copy), which it resembles. View Atlas. View Thomson and Pinkerton Atlases together
Atlas Encyclopedique Contenant les Cartes and les Planches Relatives a la Geographie Physique, 1827
Desmarest, Nicholas; Bury de Saint-Vincent, M., Paris
52 maps, views, and text sheets. An early physical atlas. View Atlas
Atlas Universel de Geographie Ancienne et Moderne, 1833
Lapie, M. (Pierre); Lapie, Alexandre Emile, Paris
54 Maps and text pages. First edition, dated 1829 on the title page but with some maps dated 1833. The Carte des Etats-Unis is a magnificent map, showing the continent from coast to coast. View Atlas
Traveaux d'Amelioratins Interieures Projetes ou Executes par le Gouvernement General des Etas-Unis d'Amerique, 1834
Poussin, Guillaume Tell, Paris
14 Maps and text pages. Exceptionally well drawn maps and plans that detail the ambitious public works projects (primarily canals) undertaken in the United States in the period 1824 to 1831 View Atlas
Statistical Atlas of the United States, 1874
Walker, Francis A; United States Census Office, Washington
57 Maps, diagrams, and text pages. The first statistical atlas published by the United States Government, based on the census of 1870. View Atlas
Report on a Plan for San Francisco, 1905
Burnham, Daniel H., San Francisco
55 Maps, diagrams, views, and text pages. First edition. Shows an elaborate plan to redesign San Francisco with the creation of huge boulevards cutting across the existing street grid. The earthquake and fire that occurred the following year, 1906, rendered the scheme obsolete. View Book
(Various U.S. State, County, and City Atlases), 1872-1903
Various Authors
Click on each title to view the atlas.
G.M. Hopkins & Co. White, M. Wood; Gamble, William H.; Miller, M.A.. Martinet, Simon J.; Walling, H.F.; Gray, O.W.; Lloyd, H.H. Fuller, Henry; J.B. Beers & Co. Hopkins, Griffith Morgan Everts & Kirk Beers, F.W.; (Watson, Gaylord) Bromley, George Washington; Bromley, Walter Scott Richards, L.J.; J.P. Brown & Co. Bromley, George Washington; Bromley, Walter Scott
Atlas of the Cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, 1872
Atlas of the State of West Virginia, 1873
Atlas of the State of Maryland and the District of Columbia, 1873
Farm Line Map of the City of Brooklyn, 1874
City Atlas of Providence, Rhode Island (3 volumes), 1875
Atlas of Nebraska, 1885
Atlas of the Hudson River Valley, 1891
Atlas of the City of Boston, Boston Proper and Roxbury, 1895
Atlas of Dorchester, West Roxbury, and Brighton, City of Boston, 1899
Atlas of the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1903
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News
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July 1, 2005
- News
- July 1, 2005
MIT Technology Review on David Rumsey's work
MIT’s Technology Review discusses David Rumsey’s historical map collection and highlights his work on remixing Lewis and Clark's published map of their journey. View the georeferenced (GIS) Lewis and Clark map in 2D GIS and 3D GIS. Click on the image below to view in the LUNA Browser.
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Videos
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June 30, 2005
- Videos
- June 30, 2005












































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































